Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the overall population.
| Variable | Overall Population (n = 163) |
|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 57.9 ± 12.3 years |
| Female sex (n, %) | 52 (31.9%) |
| Ischemic (n, %) | 83 (50.9%) |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 102 (62.5%) |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 79 (48.4%) |
| COPD (n, %) | 61(37.4%) |
| NYHA II (n, %) | 112 (68.7%) |
| NYHA III (n, %) | 51 (31.3%) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mean ± SD) | 119 ± 14.8 mmHg |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mean ± SD) | 72.7 ± 9.3 mmHg |
| Heart rate (mean ± SD) | 68.2 ± 14.6 bpm |
| LVEDV (mean ± SD) | 237.2 ± 87.6 mL |
| LVESV (mean ± SD) | 179.5 ± 65.3 mL |
| LVEF (mean ± SD) | 28.9 ± 6.4% |
| E/e’ average (mean ± SD) | 14.5 ± 4.8 cm/sec |
| LAVI | 37.6 ± 5.2 mL/m2 |
| Creatinine (mean ± SD) | 1.3 ± 1.1 mg/dL |
| e-GFR (mean ± SD) | 63.6 ± 15.2 mL/min |
| NT-proBNP (mean ± SD) | 1716 ± 954 pg/mL |
| Loop diuretic (n, %) | 118 (72.3%) |
| Furosemide dose (mean ± SD) | 75 ± 25 mg |
| Beta-blockers (n, %) | 163 (100%) |
| Carvedilol dose (mean ± SD) | 37.5 ± 612.5 mg |
| Bisoprolol dose (mean ± SD) | 5 ± 3.75 mg |
| ACEi/ARBs (n, %) | 158 (96.9%) |
| Ramipril dose (mean ± SD) | 5 ± 3.75 mg |
| Valsartan dose (mean ± SD) | 120 ± 80 mg |
| MRA (n, %) | 105 (64.4%) |
| Eplerenone dose (mean ± SD) | 25 ± 12.5 mg |
| Ivabradine (n, %) | 30 (18.4%) |
| Ivabradine dose (mean ± SD) | 10 ± 5 mg |
| Digoxin (n, %) | 35 (23.3%) |
| Digoxin dose (mean ± SD) | 0.09375 ± 0.0625 mg |
SD—standard deviation; COPD—chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NYHA—New York Heart Association; LVEDV—left ventricular end diastolic volume; LVESV—left ventricular end systolic volume; LVEF—left ventricular ejection fraction; E/e’—ratio of the transmitral early peak velocity E by pulsed wave Doppler over the early diastolic mitral annulus velocity; LAVI—left atrium volume index; e-GFR—the estimated glomerular filtration rate; NT-proBNP—N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; ACEi—angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs—angiotensin receptor blockades; MRA—mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.