LTA suppresses LPS-induced surface molecule upregulation in BMDCs. (A–E) BMDC cells were stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of LTA (A–C, E) or LTA only (D, E). LTA concentration was 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 ug/mL at each point. The culture was incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, then CD80, CD86 and I-A/-E expression on the cell surface was analyzed by flow cytometry. (F) BMDCs were pre-treated with anti-TLR2 mAb or isotype antibody at 37 °C for 1 h and then stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) combined with LTA (5 ug/mL) or vehicle control. The culture was further incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, then CD80, CD86 and I-A/I-E expression on the cell surface was analyzed by flow cytometry. Data are shown as the representative and mean ± SEM of five samples in independent experiments. Student’s t-test was used to analyze data for significant differences. Values of * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 were regarded as significant.