Table 1.
Results of univariate analysis. The analysis revealed significantly higher incidence of PPH in those with GNRI < 92.
| Characteristics | PPH Group | Non-PPH Group | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 10) | (n = 111) | ||
| Gender | |||
| Male vs Female | 10 vs. 0 | 69 vs. 42 | p = 0.01 |
| Age (years) | 76.1 ± 2.0 | 70.8 ± 1.1 | p = 0.15 |
| Body mass index | 22.7 ± 0.7 | 22.1 ± 0.3 | p = 0.55 |
| ASA classification | |||
| 1 or 2 | 8 (80.0%) | 97 (87.4%) | p = 0.51 |
| 3 | 2 (20.0%) | 14 (12.6%) | |
| Pancreatic or periampullary | 8 (80.0%) | 91 (82.0%) | p = 0.88 |
| adenocarcinoma (%) | |||
| Smoking habit (%) | 2 (20.0%) | 8 (7.2%) | p = 0.19 |
| Alcohol intake (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (2.7%) | p = 0.60 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 1 (10.0%) | 36 (32.4%) | p = 0.14 |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (8.1%) | p = 0.35 |
| Preoperative biliary drainage (%) | 6 (60.0%) | 35 (31.5%) | p = 0.09 |
| Preoperative albumin (g/L) | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.1 | p < 0.001 |
| Robotic/open PD | 2/8 | 16/95 | p = 0.63 |
| GNRI | 89.2 ± 1.9 | 98.3 ± 0.8 | p = 0.001 |
| 92< | 8 | 19 | p < 0.001 |
| 92≥ | 2 | 92 | |
| Time taken for the operation (min) | 578.1 ± 42.2 | 497.2 ± 15.1 | p = 0.13 |
| Estimated blood loss (ml) | 712.7 ± 103.5 | 656.2 ± 63.3 | p = 0.69 |
| Blood transfusion (%) | 2 (20.0%) | 25 (22.5%) | p = 0.85 |
| Portal vein resection (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (5.4%) | p = 0.45 |
| Bile leakage (%) | 2 (20.0%) | 5 (4.5%) | p = 0.09 |
| Postoperative pancreatic fistula (%) | 7 (70.0%) | 27 (24.3%) | p = 0.005 |
| Grade B or C (%) | |||
| Rate of intraabdominal infection (%) | 6 (60.0%) | 24 (22.5%) | p = 0.02 |
| Postoperative hospital stays (day) | 49.0 ± 8.2 | 22.9 ± 5.5 | p < 0.001 |