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Oxidative stress is a significant factor in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Oxidative stress is associated with metabolic changes and alterations in renal hemodynamic. MDA: malondialdehyde; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal; AOPP: advanced oxidation protein products; AGE: advanced glycation end products; 8-OHG: 8-hydroxyguanosine; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESRD: end-stage renal disease.
