Table 3.
Characteristics of diabetes in studied subgroups at the beginning of observation concerning vascular complications.
| Parameter | 1993–2000 I n = 91 |
2001–2005 II n = 83 |
2006–2018 III n = 276 |
p-Value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without Vascular Complications | ||||
| Duration of diabetes, years (IQR) | 15.0 (13.0–16.0) |
18.0 (14.5–21.0) |
17.0 (12.0–20.0) |
p = 0.4 |
| Age, years (IQR) | 22.0 (21.0–24.0) |
24.5 (23.0–27.0) |
26.0 (23.0–25.2) |
p = 0.07 |
| Age at diagnosis, years (IQR) | 8.0 (7.0–9.0) |
7.5 (3.0–9.0) |
9.0 (6.0–11.5) |
p = 0.1 |
| Initial pregnancy care, week (IQR) | 12.5 (7.0–19.0) |
7.5 (6.0–14.0) |
8.0 (7.0–10.0) |
p = 0.13 |
| Mean HbA1C at the first visit, mmol/mol, (IQR) | 60.7 (55.2–72.7) |
45.4 (42.1–129.5) |
59.6 (49.7–69.4) |
p = 0.5 |
| Mean HbA1C at the first visit, % (IQR) | 7.7 (7.2–8.8) |
6.3 (6.0–14.0) |
7.6 (6.7–8.5) |
p = 0.5 |
| Retinopathy | ||||
| Duration of diabetes, years (IQR) | 18.0 (16.0–21.0) |
16.0 (13.5–20.5) |
20.0 (15.0–23.4) |
p = 0.17 |
| Age, years (IQR) | 29.0 (26.0–32.0) |
27.0 (23.0–29.0) |
29.2 (26.0–33.0) |
p < 0.02 |
| Age at diagnosis, years (IQR) | 11.0 (6.0–13.0) |
9.5 (8.0–12.0) |
10.0 (6.0–12.0) |
p = 0.2 |
| Beginning of care in pregnancy, week (IQR) | 9.0 (6.0–13.0) |
9.5 (8.0–12.0) |
8.0 (6.0–9.0) |
p < 0.03 |
| Mean HbA1C at the first visit, mmol/mol, (IQR) | 60.7 (45.4–79.2) |
55.2 (50.8–76.0) |
58.5 (48.6–69.4) |
p = 0.08 |
| Mean HbA1C at the first visit, % (IQR) | 7.7 (6.3–9.4) |
7.2 (6.8–9.1) |
7.5 (6.6–8.5) |
p = 0.08 |
| Nephropathy | ||||
| Duration of diabetes, years (IQR) | 13.0 (12.0–17.0) |
10.5 (9.0–13.0) |
14.0 (13.7–18.0) |
p = 0.08 |
| Age, years (IQR) | 24.0 (24.0–26.0) |
31 (26.0–35.0) |
31.0 (29.0–32.0) |
p < 0.05 |
| Age at diagnosis, years (IQR) | 12.0 (9.0–13.0) |
17.0 (17.0–23.0) |
16.0 (11.0–18.0) |
p < 0.02 |
| Beginning of care in pregnancy, week (IQR) | 9.0 (7.0–18.0) |
5.5 (5.0–15.0) |
6.0 (5.0–8.0) |
p = 0.8 |
| Mean HbA1C at the first visit, mmol/mol, (IQR) | 61.7 (60.7–63.9) |
48.6 (47.5–85.8) |
53.0 (44.3–56.3) |
p = 0.2 |
| Mean HbA1C at the first visit, % (IQR) | 7.8 (7.7–8.0) |
6.6 (6.5–10.0) |
7.0 (6.1–7.3) |
p = 0.2 |
| Retinopathy and Nephropathy | ||||
| Duration of diabetes, years (IQR) | 18.0 (14.0–22.0) |
14.5 (13.0–17.0) |
18.0 (14.0–22.0) |
p < 0.01 |
| Age, years (IQR) | 27.0 (24.0–31.0) |
26.0 (23.0–30.0) |
27.0 (24.0–31.0) |
p = 0.3 |
| Age at diagnosis, years (IQR) | 10.0 (5.0–13.0) |
10.0 (8.5–13.5) |
10.0 (5.0–13.0) |
p = 0.6 |
| Beginning of care in pregnancy, week (IQR) | 12.0 (8.0–15.0) |
9.0 (7.0–18.0) |
12.0 (8.0–15.0) |
p < 0.002 |
| Mean HbA1C at the first visit, mmol/mol, (IQR) | 62.8 (46.4–70.5) |
59.6 (53.6–74.9) |
62.8 (46.4–70.5) |
p = 0.8 |
| Mean HbA1C at the first visit, % (IQR) | 7.9 (6.4–8.6) |
7.6 (7.05–9.0) |
7.9 (6.4–8.6) |
p = 0.8 |
* ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test; IQR (interquartile range); HbA1C (haemoglobin A1C).