Table 1.
Summary of subgroup analysis for the association of dietary sodium intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease by subregion, follow-up years, sodium assessment and outcomes.
| Subgroup Analysis | Number of Estimates | Summary RR (95% CI) | I2 (%) * | p Value * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 33 | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) | 77 | 0.01 * |
| Subregion | 0.06 | |||
| Asia | 9 | 1.15 (1.01, 1.29) | 72 | |
| Non-Asia | 23 | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) | 75 | |
| Multi-nation | 1 | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) | - | |
| Follow-up years | 0.88 | |||
| Above ten years | 20 | 1.05 (1.00, 1.10) | 67 | |
| Less than 10 years | 13 | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02) | 85 | |
| Sodium assessment | 0.82 | |||
| From diet | 19 | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) | 76 | |
| From Urine | 14 | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | 63 | |
| Outcomes | 0.91 | |||
| Total CVD | 14 | 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) | 81 | |
| CVD mortality | 11 | 1.06 (0.94, 1.20) | 81 | |
| Stroke | 5 | 1.04 (0.91, 1.19) | 73 | |
| Coronary heart disease | 1 | 1.05 (0.97, 1.15) | - | |
| Heart failure | 2 | 0.99 (0.89, 1.10) | 62 |
Abbreviations: RR, rate ratio; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease. * I2 and p value related to subgroup differences.