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. 2020 Sep 28;10(10):264. doi: 10.3390/membranes10100264

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Schematic representation of the formation of polysulfone (PSF) flat-sheet membranes via NIPS using PASA aqueous solution as a coagulation bath: (1)—casting of the PSF solution on the glass plate using doctor blade; (2)—immersion of the cast polymer film in the coagulation bath, membrane structure is formed due to the solvent-non-solvent exchange (PEG and DMA diffuse out of the polymer film and PASA aqueous solution diffuses into the polymer film); (3)—PSF membrane with immobilized PASA macromolecules is obtained.