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. 2020 Oct 2;9(10):2228. doi: 10.3390/cells9102228

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

MicroRNA biogenesis and their predominant mode of action. The initial step in the microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis is generation of the primary (pri)-miR transcript. The DROSHA and DiGeorge Syndrome Critical Region 8 (DGCR8) microprocessor complex cleaves the pri-miRNA to form the precursor (pre)-miRNA. The pre-miRNA is then exported to the cytoplasm via Exportin 5. Exportin 5 delivers its cargo to be processed to the mature miRNA duplex by DICER. Finally, the mature miRNA duplex is loaded into the Argonaute (AGO) protein to form the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC). In most cases, miRISC binds to target mRNAs to induce translational inhibition, but can also lead to mRNA degradation via recruitment of deadenylases.