Table 2.
Average, yearly antibiotic consumption in 30 European countries for 1997–2018 (22 years) derived from the ECDC yearly reports. Total antibiotic consumption for systemic use (J01), expressed as defined daily dose (DDD)/1000 inhabitants/day (DID). Other classes of antibiotics at ATC Level 3 and 4 (for the penicillin group/J01C/) consumed has been featured as the relative share of the total consumption and estimated in percentage (%).
| Antibiotic Consumption ECDC 1997–2018 | 100% J01 (DID) | J01A (%) | J01C (%) | J01CA (%) | J01CR (%) | J01CA+CR (%) | J01CE (%) | J01CF (%) | J01CE+CF (%) | J01D (%) | J01F (%) | J01M (%) | J01 B/N 2018 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | 12.12 | 9.21 | 35.74 | 6.92 | 20.7 | 27.54 | 8.23 | 0.07 | 8.3 | 13.14 | 26.71 | 11.56 | 6.62 |
| Belgium | 21.96 | 11.33 | 40.07 | 17.3 | 21.03 | 38.31 | 0.44 | 1.17 | 1.6 | 11.12 | 14.63 | 10.79 | 122.41 |
| Bulgaria | 17.39 | 13.34 | 37.45 | 23.45 | 9 | 32.46 | 5.07 | 0.1 | 5.16 | 14.71 | 14.28 | 11.18 | 49.6 |
| Croatia | 18.59 | 7.9 | 42.19 | 13.58 | 22.7 | 36.28 | 5.73 | 0.16 | 5.9 | 17.72 | 15.06 | 8.35 | 11.94 |
| Cyprus | 26.95 | 11.76 | 35.17 | 11.34 | 23.58 | 34.93 | 0.34 | 0.09 | 0.43 | 21.53 | 11.61 | 16.27 | 37.96 |
| Czech Republic | 15.01 | 15.12 | 36.71 | 6.66 | 13.03 | 22.36 | 12.76 | 0.43 | 13.19 | 8.29 | 19.89 | 7.36 | no data |
| Denmark | 14.18 | 9.84 | 62.59 | 19.01 | 2.51 | 21.34 | 33.53 | 7.5 | 41.03 | 0.2 | 14.9 | 3.37 | 0.59 |
| Estonia | 10.41 | 20.8 | 32.88 | 20.29 | 9 | 29.3 | 2.44 | 0.06 | 2.5 | 9.42 | 19.39 | 8.07 | 15.95 |
| Finland | 16.79 | 23.89 | 29.75 | 15.87 | 4.5 | 20.37 | 9.23 | 0.4 | 9.62 | 13.85 | 10.35 | 5.31 | 0.48 |
| France | 24.88 | 13.04 | 44.13 | 26.85 | 15.74 | 41.6 | 0.72 | 1.46 | 2.17 | 11.37 | 16.61 | 7.87 | 37.16 |
| Germany | 12.9 | 20.99 | 27.39 | 16.65 | 2.38 | 19.03 | 8.5 | 0.11 | 8.61 | 16.82 | 19.02 | 9.94 | 6.53 |
| Greece | 30.42 | 8.26 | 27.81 | 13.44 | 12.79 | 26.17 | 1.62 | 0.01 | 1.63 | 24.59 | 27.75 | 8.92 | 624.04 |
| Hungary | 14.96 | 10.68 | 35.96 | 10.26 | 21.1 | 31.36 | 4.59 | 0 | 4.59 | 14.28 | 20.77 | 12.64 | 68.27 |
| Iceland | 19.47 | 25.46 | 48.23 | 17.47 | 11.58 | 29.06 | 12.99 | 5.95 | 18.94 | 2.57 | 8.19 | 4.19 | 1.53 |
| Ireland | 18.25 | 2.8 | 44.98 | 14.84 | 18.88 | 33.73 | 5.05 | 5.98 | 11.04 | 8.49 | 18.9 | 5.01 | 4.45 |
| Italy | 22.01 | 10.65 | 42.45 | 16.45 | 25.53 | 41.99 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 12.7 | 21.78 | 14.75 | 226.82 |
| Latvia | 10.58 | 22.15 | 38.1 | 26.4 | 10.9 | 37.31 | 0.93 | 0.02 | 0.95 | 4.87 | 13.1 | 9.5 | 19.67 |
| Lithuania | 15.89 | 10.6 | 48.14 | 31.75 | 8.46 | 40.22 | 7.63 | 0.41 | 8.04 | 9 | 12.04 | 6.74 | 7.79 |
| Luxembourg | 23.01 | 9.94 | 34.97 | 13.42 | 20.04 | 33.33 | 0.42 | 0.87 | 1.29 | 18.62 | 18.17 | 10.96 | 68.22 |
| Malta | 18.83 | 6.53 | 33.5 | 3.15 | 30.26 | 33.42 | 0.39 | 0.27 | 0.66 | 23.24 | 20.58 | 11.55 | 80.32 |
| Netherlands | 9.34 | 25.57 | 32.12 | 13.72 | 10.44 | 24.17 | 4.06 | 3.65 | 7.72 | 0.6 | 14.74 | 9.18 | 20.25 |
| Norway | 15.3 | 19.38 | 40.57 | 12.83 | 0 | 12.68 | 24.16 | 3.42 | 27.58 | 1.02 | 10.92 | 3.42 | 0.16 |
| Poland | 18.77 | 14.46 | 33.7 | 20.94 | 12.03 | 32.33 | 2.21 | 0.11 | 2.32 | 12.78 | 18.23 | 6.82 | 25.48 |
| Portugal | 18.34 | 5.74 | 42.35 | 11.9 | 27.67 | 39.57 | 0.16 | 3.21 | 3.38 | 12.67 | 17.48 | 14.25 | 50.82 |
| Romania | 24.14 | 4.1 | 47.17 | 18.12 | 23.19 | 41.32 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 5.71 | 19.03 | 11.51 | 13.06 | 18.44 |
| Slovakia | 21.52 | 8.56 | 39.41 | 10.5 | 15.14 | 25.62 | 13.46 | 0.08 | 13.54 | 16.87 | 22.06 | 8.93 | 11.15 |
| Slovenia | 13.19 | 4.06 | 55.4 | 16.6 | 21.78 | 23.52 | 15.66 | 1.1 | 16.76 | 3.83 | 19.39 | 9.89 | 3.12 |
| Spain | 17.26 | 5.79 | 51.11 | 20.62 | 28.44 | 49.07 | 0.58 | 1.28 | 1.86 | 11.25 | 14.7 | 13.8 | 56.33 |
| Sweden | 13.81 | 22.01 | 47.45 | 7.59 | 1.3 | 8.17 | 28.68 | 9.53 | 38.21 | 2.32 | 5.5 | 6.23 | 0.21 |
| United Kingdom | 15.259 | 25.78 | 38.397 | 21.37 | 4.95 | 26.32 | 4.859 | 7.149 | 12.008 | 3.965 | 17.298 | 3.622 | 1.77 |
ATC codes: J01A—tetracycline; J01C—penicillin; J01CA—broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase sensitive penicillin; J01CR—broad-spectrum penicillin combined with beta-lactamase inhibitors; J01CE—narrow-spectrum, beta-lactamase sensitive penicillin; J01CF—narrow-spectrum, beta-lactamase-resistant penicillin; J01D—cephalosporin; J01F—macrolide; J01M—quinolone; J01 B/N—ratio of broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antibiotics.