Table 1.
List of compounds identified in Kenaf leaves and seed ethanol extract obtained by GC-MS analysis.
| S/L no | R. Time (min) | PA (%) | Compound Name | Molecular Formula | MW (g/mol) | *** Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaves | ||||||
| 1 | 3.42 | 1.56 | 2-(Tert-butylamino)-3-methyl-2-pentenenitrile | C10H18N2 | 166.3 | No activity |
| 2 | 3.51 | 1.25 | 5-Methylfurfural | C6H6O2 | 110.1 | Antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial |
| 3 | 4.01 | 1.75 | Cyclopropanecarboxamide | C4H7NO | 85.1 | No activity |
| 4 | 4.24 | 2.36 | 5-Amino-6-nitrosopyrimidine-2,4(1h,3h)-dione | C4H4N4O3 | 156.1 | Antibacterial |
| 5 | 4.47 | 0.25 | Hexyl octanoate | C14H28O2 | 228.4 | Flavouring agent |
| 6 | 4.54 | 1.43 | Pyrrolidin-5-one, 2,3-dedihydro-3-nitro- | C4H3NO4 | 129.1 | No activity |
| 7 | 4.69 | 0.27 | 3-Amino-2-oxazolidinone | C3H6N2O2 | 102.1 | No activity |
| 8 | 4.76 | 3.70 | 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- | C6H8O4 | 144.1 | Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative antioxidant, automatic nerve activity, anticancer |
| 9 | 5.13 | 0.84 | 3,4-Pentadienal | C5H6O | 82.1 | No activity |
| 10 | 5.27 | 0.34 | cyclobut-1-enylmethanol | C5H8O | 84.1 | Antibacterial |
| 11 | 5.32 | 7.20 | 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural | C6H6O3 | 126.1 | Anti-oxidative, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypoxic, anti-hyperuricemic |
| 12 | 5.89 | 0.21 | 6-O-Acetyl-beta-D-glucose- | C8H14O7 | 222.2 | |
| 13 | 5.93 | 0.43 | 6-Oxa-1-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexane, 2,2-dimethyl-4,5-diphenyl-, trans- | C18H19NO | 265.3 | Antibacterial |
| 14 | 6.12 | 0.62 | N-(2-Methoxyethyl)alanine | C6H13NO3 | 147.2 | No activity |
| 15 | 6.17 | 1.00 | trans-2-Butenyl acetate | C6H10O2 | No activity | |
| 16 | 6.81 | 0.96 | N-Acetyl-d-serine | C5H9NO4 | 147.1 | No activity |
| 17 | 6.84 | 1.03 | alpha-D-Mannopyranoside, methyl 3,6-anhydro- | C7H12O5 | 176.2 | Antibacterial |
| 18 | 7.19 | 0.27 | 2(4H)-Benzofuranone, 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl- | C11H16O3 | 196.2 | Antibacterial |
| 19 | 7.24 | 0.46 | 2-Mercaptopyridine-4-ol | C5H5NOS | 127.17 | No activity |
| 20 | 7.71 | 3.5 | 1,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid | C7H12O6 | 192.2 | Hepatoprotective |
| 21 | 8.15 | 1.00 | d-Glycero-d-galacto-heptose | C7H14O7 | 210.1 | Antioxidant |
| 22 | 8.27 | 0.30 | 7-Hydroxy-3-(1,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl)coumarin | C14H14O3 | 230.3 | Antibacterial, antitumor |
| 23 | 8.30 | 1.11 | N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine | C8H15NO6 | 221.1 | Antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant, anticoagulant, wound healing |
| 24 | 8.39 | 0.64 | Z-8-Methyl-9-tetradecen-1-ol acetate | C17H32O2 | 268.4 | No activity |
| 25 | 8.5 | 0.21 | 3-Methyl-4-(phenylthio)-2-prop-2-enyl-2,5-dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide | C14H16O2S2 | 280.4 | No activity |
| 26 | 8.75 | 0.69 | Methyl tricosanoate | C24H48O2 | 368.6 | Antibacterial |
| 27 | 8.93 | 2.05 | Palmitic acid | C16H32O2 | 256.4 | Antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal |
| 28 | 9.14 | 0.77 | Pentadecanoic acid | C15H30O2 | 242.4 | Adhesives, agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal), lubricants |
| 29 | 9.19 | 0.41 | 26-Hydroxycholesterol | C27H46O2 | 402.7 | No activity |
| 30 | 9.26 | 0.50 | Hexacosanoic acid | C26H52O2 | 396.7 | No activity |
| 31 | 9.32 | 0.60 | Palmitic acid | C16H32O2 | 256.4 | Antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal |
| 32 | 9.43 | 1.78 | 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester | C16H32O2 | 292.5 | No activity |
| 33 | 9.47 | 1.24 | Phytol | C20H40O | 296.5 | Antioxidant, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective |
| 34 | 9.61 | 2.96 | 1,5,9,13-Tetradecatetraene | C14H22 | 190.3 | No activity |
| 35 | 9.80 | 3.40 | 2-Linoleoylglycerol | C21H38O4 | 354.5 | Antibacterial |
| 36 | 9.94 | 0.42 | Stearic acid | C18H36O2 | 284.5 | Antioxidant, antibacterial |
| 37 | 9.98 | 0.50 | Epoxycholesterol | C27H46O2 | 402.7 | No activity |
| 38 | 10.06 | 3.06 | Hexadecanoate | C16H31O2 | 255.42 | Anti-inflammatory |
| 39 | 10.21 | 1.56 | 4alpha,5alpha-Epoxycholestane | C27H46O | 386.7 | No activity |
| 40 | 10.70 | 2.83 | 6,10,14-Trimethylpentadecan-2-one | C18H36O | 268.5 | antibacterial |
| 41 | 10.80 | 1.05 | 1-Cinnamyl-3-methylindole-2-carbaldehyde | C19H17NO | 275.1 | Antioxidant, antibacterial |
| 42 | 10.85 | 0.92 | 3,5-Bis-(trichloromethyl)-benzoyl chloride | C9H3Cl7O | 375.3 | No activity |
| 43 | 10.92 | 5.44 | 2-Stearoylglycerol | C21H42O4 | 358.6 | No activity |
| 44 | 11.60 | 1.58 | Tricyclo[10.2.2.2(5,8)]octadeca-5,7,12,14,15,17-hexaene | C18H20 | 236.3 | Antifungal |
| 45 | 11.70 | 2.17 | 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol | C18H32O | 264.4 | Antioxidant, antibacterial |
| 46 | 11.74 | 4.50 | 1,5,9,13-Tetradecatetraene | C14H22 | 190.3 | No activity |
| 47 | 11.79 | 3.16 | 5 beta-Coprostanol | C27H48O | 388.7 | No activity |
| 48 | 12.24 | 1.64 | Curan-17-oic acid, 2,16-didehydro-20-hydroxy-19-oxo-, methyl ester | C20H22N2O4 | 354.4 | Antibacterial, antifungal |
| 49 | 14.65 | 4.45 | Vitamin E | C29H50O2 | 430.7 | Antioxidant, antibacterial, Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic and antidepressant, |
| 50 | 15.28 | 1.52 | 3-{[(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)imino]methyl}-1,2-benzenediol | C13H9Cl2NO2 | 282.1 | Antibacterial, antifungal |
| 51 | 16.05 | 0.85 | Methyl 4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylate | C10H11NO3 | 193.2 | Antidiabetic |
| 52 | 16.26 | 1.07 | Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol | C29H48O | 412.7 | Antibacterial |
| 53 | 17.05 | 3.93 | Clionasterol | C29H50O | 414.7 | Antibacterial |
| 54 | 17.81 | 1.71 | Hexadecahydropyrene | C16H26 | 218.3 | No activity |
| 55 | 18.56 | 3.76 | alpha-Amyrin | C30H50O | 426.7 | Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic and antidepressant |
| Seed | ||||||
| 1 | 4.00 | 0.92 | Glycerine | C3H8O3 | 92.1 | Antibacterial |
| 2 | 5.29 | 0.03 | Benzofuran, 2, 3-dihydro- | C15H14OS | 242.3 | Antidepressant, anticancer, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-psychotic |
| 3 | 6.89 | 0.16 | N-Acetylethylenediamine | C4H10NO2 | 102.1 | Antibacterial |
| 4 | 7.76 | 0.08 | d-Mannitol, 1, 4-anhydro- | C6H12O5 | 164.2 | No activity |
| 5 | 8.08 | 0.03 | Octadecanoic acid | C18H36O2 | 284.5 | Antibacterial |
| 6 | 8.75 | 0.05 | Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester | C17H34O2 | 270.5 | Antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diuretic |
| 7 | 9.05 | 8.83 | Hexadecanoic acid | C16H32O2 | 256.4 | Antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal |
| 8 | 9.43 | 1.42 | Hexadecanoic acid | C16H32O2 | 256.4 | Antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal |
| 9 | 9.81 | 77.46 | 9-octadecanoic acid (z)- | C18H34O2 | 282.5 | Antibacterial, antifungal |
| 10 | 10.71 | 1.58 | Linoleic acid | C18H32O2 | 280.4 | Antibacterial |
| 11 | 10.95 | 2.85 | Linoleic acid | C18H32O2 | 280.4 | Antibacterial |
| 12 | 11.75 | 6.21 | 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (z, z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester | C21H38O4 | 354.5 | Antioxidant, antibacterial |
| 13 | 13.97 | 0.33 | 17-(acetyloxy)-4, 4-dimethyl-7-oxoandrost-5-en-3-yl acetate | C25H36O5 | 416.5 | No activity |
| 14 | 17.07 | 0.04 | .beta.-Sitosterol | C29H50O | 414.7 | Antidiabetic, antibacterial |
SL no: serial number, R.T: retention time, PA: peak area, MW: molecular weight, *** Activity Source: Dr. Duke’s phytochemical and ethno-botanical databases [30].