Table 1.
Overview of studies included in the review.
| Study Reference | Study Countries | Range of Participants | Range of Ages | Study Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marder et al., 2013 [16] | United States of America (USA) | People with HD recruited from Prospective Huntington at Risk Observational study (PHAROS) 41 HD group sites in US and Canada 1001 participants enrolled in PHAROS 738 individuals completed NIH FFQ Inclusion of 211 HD patients with expanded CAG ≥ 37 |
25–57 years | Prospective cohort study |
| Rivadeneyra et al., 2016 [18] | Spain | 98 Spanish people with HD and pre-manifesting HD carriers of the European Huntington Disease Networks | 48 (range 38–60) | Cohort study |
| Puri et al., 2005 [19] | United Kingdom (UK) | 135 Symptomatic people with HD 67 in Ethyl EPA 68 in placebo group |
50 ± 9.3 (Ethyl EPA group) 49 ± 9.0 (Placebo group) |
Double blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) |
|
Puri et al.,
2008 [21] |
United Kingdom (UK) | 34 Symptomatic people with HD 6 in Ethyl-EPA group 18 in placebo group |
51.3 ± 2.5 48.7 ± 2.2 |
Double blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) |
|
Mochel et al.,
2010 [22] |
France | 6 people with HD with abnormal CAG repeat expansions 5 females 1 male |
NR | Short term cohort clinical trial study |
|
Goetz et al.,
1990 [23] |
United State of America (USA) | 10 HD patients in a double blind RCT, crossover design 4 men and 6 women with HD |
51.6 (16.7) | Double blind placebo controlled cross-over study |
|
Cuturic et al.,
2013 [24] |
United State of America (USA) | 23 institutionalized people with HD 6 people with HD treated with hypocarnitinemia 17 people with HD without hypocarnitinemia |
43.4 (10.3) 51. 9 (7.9) |
Retrospective study |
|
Tabrizi et al.,
2003 [25] |
United Kingdom (UK) | 10 people with HD and 3 HD mutation carriers 4 age matched controls |
NR | Open-label pilot study |
|
Auigner et al.,
2010 [26] |
United State of America (USA) | 347 early HD patients | 18–75 (47.9 years) | Double blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) |
|
Trejo et al.,
2005 [27] |
Mexico | 30 people with HD 70% male 30% female |
46 (range 20–69) | Interventional study cohort study |
|
Cubo et al.,
2015 [28] |
Spain | 224 Spanish people with HD patients and carriers from the European HD registry (EHDN) Control group from Spanish population obtained from EHIDE |
47.41 ± 14.26 | Observational, cross-sectional study |
|
Trejo et al.,
2004 [29] |
Mexico | 25 people with HD 25 age and sex matched controls |
46 ± 12 (21–70) 46 ± 8 (23–72) |
Case-control study |
|
Chen et al.,
2015 [30] |
Taiwan | 30 people with HD 19 men and 11 women 23 controls 12 men and 11 women 14 HD out of 30 people with HD (2 year pilot study) 22 HD patients (1 year follow up) |
44.7 ± 11.4 42.26 ± 2.6 |
Intervention and cohort study |
|
Morales et al.,
1989 [31] |
Venezuela | 18 choreic patients 31 offspring (1st generation) 19 individuals (2nd generation) 7 individuals (3rd generation) 40 controls |
15 to 57 years 12 to 72 years 14 to 45 years 18 to 32 years 14 to 72 years |
Case-Control study |
|
Buruma et al.,
1987 [32] |
The Netherlands | 51 people with HD | 53 (range 26–78) | Cohort study |
|
Simonin et al.,
2013 [33] |
France | 80 people with HD 41 males 39 females |
Not reported (NR) | Cohort study |
| Marder et al., 2009 [34] | United States of America (USA) | People with HD recruited from Prospective Huntington at Risk Observational study (PHAROS) 1001 participants from PHAROS study 675 HD individuals initially completed the National Cancer Institute FFQ 435 participants with non-expanded CAG < 37 and 217 participants with expanded CAG ≥ 37 completed the FFQ BMI 23 individuals excluded due to (missing CAG data and clinically definite HD prior to or at time of FFQ) |
Non-expanded CAG < 37 44.9 (7.9) Expanded CAG ≥ 37 43.4 (7.7) |
Case-Control study |
| Mochel et al., 2007 [35] | France | 32 HD patients CAG expansion > 36 15 pre-symptomatic 17 symptomatic 21 controls |
42 ± 11 (range 28 to 80 years) 37 ± 9.5 (range 27 to 62 years) |
Case-Control study |
HD: Huntington’s disease, NIH: National Institutes of Health, FFQ: food frequency questionnaire, CAG: cytosine-adenine-guanine, EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid, NR: Not reported.