Table 4.
Scaffold-mediated viral gene delivery.
| Vectors | Genes | Scaffolds | In Vitro Target Cells | In Vivo Models | Applications | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lentiviral | IL-1Ra | PCL | ASCs | - | cartilage repair (reduction of MMP activity) | [141] |
| eGFP, TGF-β3, BMP-2, IL-1Ra |
CDM | hMSCS | - | cartilage repair (protection against tissue degradation) | [147] | |
| rAAV | SOX9 | PU | hMSCs | - | cartilage repair (cell proliferation, ECM deposition, reduced hypertrophy) |
[102] |
| SOX9 | PCL | hBMA | - | cartilage repair (cell proliferation, ECM deposition, reduced hypertrophy) |
[142] | |
| SOX9 | pNaSS-grafted PCL | hBMA | cartilage repair (cell proliferation, ECM deposition) |
[145] | ||
| TGF-β1 | PEO-PPO-PEO micelles | chondrocytes | - | cartilage repair (cell proliferation, ECM deposition) |
[148] | |
| SOX9 | PEO-PPO-PEO hydrogel | - | minipig | osteochondral repair (ECM deposition) | [151] | |
| adenoviral | BMP-2 | PU | hMSCS | cartilage repair (ECM deposition) |
[146] | |
| BMP-2, TGF-β3 | DBM | BMSCs | pig | cartilage repair (ECM deposition) |
[149] | |
| TGF-β1 | PGA | BMSCs | mice | cartilage repair (ECM deposition) |
[54] | |
| SOX9 | PGA | BMSCs | rabbit | cartilage repair (ECM deposition) |
[150] | |
| baculoviral | TGF-β1, BMP-6 | PLGA | rASCs | rabbit | cartilage repair (neocartilage formation) |
[69] |
Abbreviations: IL-1Ra: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; PCL: poly(ε-caprolactone); ASCs: adipose-derived stem cells; eGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; TGF-β3: transforming growth factor beta 3; BMP-2: bone morphogenic protein 2; CDM: cartilage-derived matrix; hMSCs: human mesenchymal stromal cells; SOX9: sex-determining region Y-type high mobility group box 9; PU: polyurethane; hBMA: human bone marrow aspirate; pNaSS: poly(sodium styrene sulfonate); TGF-β1: transforming growth factor beta 1; PEO-PPO-PEO: poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide); DBM: demineralized bone matrix; BMSCs: bone marrow-derived stromal cells; PGA: polyglycolic acid; BMP-6: bone morphogenic protein 6; PLGA: poly(lactide-co-glycolide); rASCs: rabbit adipose-derived stem cells; MMP: matrix metalloproteinases.