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. 2020 Oct 7;8(10):1545. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8101545

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Electrostatic and Van der Waals interactions between magnetite (Fe₃O₄) NPs and bacterial cells: NPs adhere to the cell wall and form a magnetite shell. The images obtained by scanning electron microscopy (Tescan VEGA 3, Brno, Czech Republic).