| 5HT3 | 5hydroxytryptamine receptor; |
| A53T Tg | A53T α-Syn mutant transgenic mice; |
| AIFs | apoptosis-induced factors; |
| AKT | protein kinase B; |
| AP-1 | activator protein 1; |
| AT | classic or general acupuncture; |
| Bax | Bcl-2 associated X; |
| Bcl2 | B-cell lymphoma 2; |
| BV | Bee venom; |
| BVA | bee venom acupuncture; |
| bvPLA2 | bee venom phospholipase A2; |
| CCI | chronic constriction injury; |
| CD14 | cluster of differentiation 14; |
| CD206 | cluster of differentiation 206; |
| Cdc42 | cell division cycle protein 42; |
| CIA | collagen-induced arthritis; |
| CIPN | chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy; |
| COX-2 | cyclooxygenase-2; |
| Cyt C | cytochrome c; |
| DBV | dilute bee venom; |
| DC | dendritic cells; |
| DR | death receptor; |
| EAE | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; |
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor; |
| EndoG | endonuclease G; |
| EP2 | prostaglandin E2 receptor 2; |
| ERK | extracellular regulated protein kinases; |
| ERK/p38 MAP | extracellular regulated protein kinases/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases; |
| ERKs | extracellular regulated protein kinases; |
| Foxp3 | forkhead box P3; |
| GPCRs | G protein-coupled receptors; |
| ICR mice | introduction of C57BL6 mouse; |
| IENFs | intraepidermal nerve fibers; |
| IFN | interferon; |
| IgE | immunoglobulin E; |
| IKK | IkB kinase; |
| IL-10 | interleukin-10; |
| IL-17 | interleukin-17; |
| IL-17A | interleukin-17 A; |
| IL-1β | interleukin-1β; |
| IL-4 | interleukin-4; |
| IL-6 | interleukin-6; |
| IL-8 | interleukin-8; |
| iNOS | induced nitric oxide synthase; |
| iNOS | inducible nitric oxide synthase; |
| IVDD | intervertebral disc disease; |
| IκB | inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B; |
| IκB | inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B; |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase; |
| M1 | M1 microglia produce toxic substances to neurons; |
| M2 | M2 microglia produce anti-inflammatory and tissue repair factors to promote survival and repair; |
| MAC-1 | macrophage-1 antigen; |
| MAPK | p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; |
| MBP | myelin basic protein; |
| MCP-1 | monocyte chemotactic protein-1; |
| MEL | melittin; |
| MIP | macrophage inflammatory protein; |
| MMP-9 | matrix metalloproteinase-9; |
| MMP-9 | matrix metalloproteinase-9; |
| MPTP | 1-me+7:116thyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; |
| MTX | methotrexate; |
| NA1 | nonacupoint 1; |
| NA2 | nonspecific acupoints near ST36; |
| NA3 and NA4 | nonspecific acupoints away from ST36; |
| NECK | the neck region; |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa B; |
| NP | nucleus proprius; |
| P38 | p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases; |
| PDQL | Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire; |
| PGE2 | prostaglandin E2; |
| PGE2 | prostaglandin E2; |
| PIGD | postural instability gait difficulty; |
| PKB | phosphoinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B; |
| PLA2 | phospholipase A2; |
| PNQ | Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire; |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis; |
| RAC1 | ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species; |
| SDH | superficial dorsal horn; |
| SNpc | substantia nigra pars compacta; |
| Th1 | T helper cell type 1; |
| TLR2 | Toll-like receptors; |
| TLRs | toll-like receptors; |
| TMA | trimellitic anhydride; |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-α; |
| Treg | regulatory T cells; |
| UPDRS | Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; |
| VAS | visual analog scale; |
| WOMAC | Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index; |
| α-syn | α-synuclein. |