FIGURE 1.

Cell‐free hemoglobin increases expression of IL‐1β in macrophages. Cultured alveolar‐like MH‐S cells were incubated with cell‐free hemoglobin (CFH, 1 mg/ml) or PBS control for 24 hr and IL‐1β expression was measured by (a) RT‐PCR, normalized to mean expression in PBS cells and (b) ELISA. (c) Primary alveolar macrophages from wild‐type (WT) or NLRP3KO mice were incubated with CFH for 24 hr ex vivo and IL‐1β expression measured by MSD. n = 6 per group for MH‐S cells and n = 3 per treatment condition for primary alveolar macrophages