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. 2020 Oct 10;9(10):3236. doi: 10.3390/jcm9103236

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of pABA on in vitro BBB characteristics. BBB tight junction integrity after 5 days with pABA (1 mM) treatment is compromised. (a) PBEC transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) declines; n = 6. (b) Confocal microscopy staining for claudin-5 tight junction protein in PBEC cells on Transwells. Upper panel is control, lower panel after 5 days with pABA (1 mM), shows reduced membrane localization of claudin-5 (40× magnification) PBEC and bEnd.3 monolayers are more leaky to (c) FITC-40, (d) CoQ₁₀ and (e) idebenone. Values are mean ± SEM; PBEC n = 6, bEnd.3 n = 5–10; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.