Table 1.

Comparison of reported Lyme disease biosensors. Bold font represents biosensors tested specifically against early Lyme disease samples.

Method	Sample	Target	Sensitivity or LOD	Specificity	Time	Ref.
Microfluidics	Serum	Antibodies	84%	92%	15 min	[32]
	Serum	Antibodies	80%/85%	95%	-	[33]
FET	Spiked Buffer	Antigen	1 ng/mL	High	Minutes	[35]
	Spiked Buffer	Antigen	2–500 pg/mL	High	-	[37]
LFA	Serum	Antibodies	64.2%/80%	89.5%/96.5%	3–15 min	[39]
VFA	Serum	Antibodies	162.2–1046 ng/mL	-	20 min	[41]
	Serum	Antibodies	85.7%	96.3%	15 min	[42]
SPR	Serum	Antibodies	81%/92%	86%/82%	A few min	[44]
Biochip	Serum	Antibodies	0.39–0.78 µg/mL	-	-	[46]
	Serum	Antibodies	90%	100%	-	[47]

LOD = Limit of Detection, FET = Field Effect Transistor, LFA = Lateral Flow Assay, VFA = Vertical Flow Assay, SPR = Surface Plasmon Resonance.