Table 1.

Serum biochemistry before and after supplementation with glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC). ‘Controls’ (Con) = uninfected participants not on supplementation; ‘patients with HIV (PWH): 0 weeks’ = HIV participants studied before receiving supplementation with GlyNAC; ‘PWH: 12 weeks’ = HIV participants studied 12 weeks after receiving supplementation with GlyNAC. Values are means ± SD; means are significantly different at p < 0.05.

Parameters	Controls	PWH: 0 weeks before Supplementation	PWH: 12 weeks after Supplementation	p-Value Con vs. HIV 0 w; HIV 0 w vs. HIV 12 w
Hemoglobin (g/L)	13.8 ± 1.3	14.0 ± 0.6	13.3 ± 0.8	p = 0.8; p = 0.07
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.7 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 1.2	1.2 ± 1.4	p = 0.6; p = 0.8
Alanine transaminase (U/L)	24.8 ± 12.3	27.5 ± 11.1	19.9 ± 5.5	p = 0.7; p = 0.08
Aspartate transaminase (U/L)	24.3 ± 11.2	24.3 ± 3.5	21.1 ± 2.4	p = 1.0; p = 0.1
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	70.8 ± 30.1	87.1 ± 24.1	93.4 ± 23.6	p = 0.3; p = 0.2
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	12.8 ± 2.7	11.8 ± 3.0	9.8 ± 2.7	p = 0.4; p = 0.1
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.9 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.2	p = 0.5; p = 0.8
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR mL/min)	94.4 ± 7.0	92.6 ± 14.9	107.3± 20.3	p = 0.8; p = 0.004
HbA1c (%)	5.7 ± 0.4	5.8 ± 0.3	5.8 ± 0.4	p = 0.8; p = 0.5
Plasma glucose (mmol/L)	4.8 ± 0.4	5.5 ± 0.7	4.8 ± 0.6	p = 0.048; p = 0.000
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	192.8 ± 53.5	219.5 ± 42.8	210.6 ± 54.2	p = 0.3; p = 0.6
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	91.5 ± 38.8	194.4 ± 140.7	138.9 ± 67.4	p = 0.1; p = 0.3
High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mg/dL)	57.9 ± 14.8	41.9 ± 10.6	43.4 ± 15.5	p = 0.028; p = 0.2
Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mg/dL)	116.8 ± 42.6	136.9 ± 28.3	137.5 ± 41.3	p = 0.3; p = 0.8
Thyroid stimulating hormone (mIU/L)	1.9 ± 1.0	1.6 ± 0.8	1.4 ± 0.7	p = 0.6; p = 0.6
Free T4 (ng/L)	1.1 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.1	p = 1; p = 0.5
Cortisol (mg/dL)	10.5 ± 4.8	7.5 ± 3.1		p = 0.2