Table 1.

Serum biomarkers for hepatic steatosis.

Serum Biomarkers	Description	Accuracy	Feasibility	Limitations
Fatty Liver Index (FLI)	BMI, WC, TG, GGT	Moderate AUROC: 0.84	High	Suboptimal reference standard—ultrasound is operator-dependent, insensitive to mild steatosis
Hepatic Steatosis Index	AST: ALT ratio, BMI, female sex, and DM	Moderate AUROC: 0.81	High (common parameters included)	Same as above
NAFLD Liver Fat Score	MetS, Type 2 Dm, fasting insulin, ALT and AST/ALT ratio	Very good AUROC: 0.86–0.87	Intermediate	Inclusion of serum insulin—not a routine test
Steato Test	Six components of fibrotest, Acti Test plus BMI, cholesterol, TG, glucose adjusted for age and sex	Moderate AUROC: 0.79–0.80	Intermediate	High cost, not available in all regions and clinical settings
NAFLD Ridge Score	ALT, HDL-C, TG, HbA1C, WBC, HTN	Good AUROC: 0.87	Limited to research setting	Low PPV (69%)