Table 1.

Classifications adapted to evaluate (a) root surface microcracking, (b) quality of root-end cavity margins, and (c) presence of debris within the apical cavity, following root-end preparation.

(a)	Root-End Surface Microcracking. Adapted Classification from Rainwater et al. [24] and De Bruyne and De Moor [33].
	Type					Location
Designation	Complete	Incomplete				Narrower	Wider
		Intracanal	Extra-canal	Intra-dentinal
Description	From the root canal to the root surface	Originating from the root canal and radiating into the dentine	Originating from the root surface radiating into the dentine	Confined to the dentine		Located at the narrower side of the remaining dentine surface	Located at the wider side of the remaining dentine surface
(b)	Marginal Integrity Adapted Classification from Taschieri et al. [31].
Score	0	1		2		3
Description	Ideal preparation, with no defects	A single visible defect produced by the contact between the angle of the tip and the cavity margin		Chipped, ragged cavity margin		Chipped, ragged cavity margin plus some defects due to the tips bouncing off the root during root-end preparation
(c)	Presence of Debris Adapted Classification from Khabbaz et al. [34].
Score	0	1		2	3	4
Description	Clean walls	Debris on 1 wall		Debris on 2 walls	Debris on 3 walls	Debris on 4 walls