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. 2020 Oct 11;11(10):686. doi: 10.3390/insects11100686

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effects of 1′S-1′-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) on Spodoptera frugiperda larvae; (A) Phenotypic changes of S. frugiperda larvae. (A1) Larval body size of S. frugiperda at 72 h after ACA treatment compared with acetone-treated larvae (negative control). (A2) Abnormalities of S. frugiperda. (B) Relative growth rate (%). (C) Larval abnormality rate (%). Arrow indicates larval abnormality region. Different lowercase letters indicate significantly different groups using Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test (p < 0.05). In each experiment, 10 larvae/treatment in three replicates were used (n = 30 per treatment).