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. 2020 Oct 11;11(10):686. doi: 10.3390/insects11100686

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of 1′S-1′-acetoxychavicol acetate on gene expression of Sf9 cells at 24 h after treatment; (A) Caspase-1 gene; (B) caspase-2; (C) caspase-5; (D) caspase-6; (E) cathepsin B; (F) cathepsin L; (G) DnaJ1 gene; (H) p53; (I) TCTP gene. Gene expression levels were normalized to the three reference genes; glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), ribosomal protein (L18) and ribosomal protein (RpL4). All data were expressed as mean ± SE of three independent experiments. A t-test was performed to determine significance of the results compared with the control group (DMSO-treated cells).