. 2020 Oct 4;12(10):641. doi: 10.3390/toxins12100641

Table 4.

Analytical methods to detect microcystins in dietary supplements.

Source	Analytical Method (Test)	Sample Preparation	Major Species	MC Variant Detected	Amount of Toxin Detected	Reference
Spirulina and A. flos-aquae dietary supplements	LDTD-APCI-HRMS and UHPLC-HESI-HRMS	-	-	MC-RR, MC-YR, MC-LR, MC-LA, MC-LY, MC-LY and MC-LW	0.01–0.3 µg/g	[132]
Spirulina dietary supplements	LC-HRMS	-	-	MC-LR, MC-Raba, [Mser ⁷], MC-RY, MC-RY (OMe), MC-LY, [Dha ⁷] MC-LR, [Dha ⁷] MC-YR, MC-LR, MC-RR, and MC-FR	-	[133]
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae dietary supplements	PPIA- (PP2A) kit and LC-MS/MS	-	-	MC-LA, MC-LR and MC-LY	≥0.25–2.8 µg/g	[134]
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (Upper Klamath Lake) dietary supplements	HPLC and ELISA	-	Microcystis aeruginosa	MC-LR	>1 mg/g	[135]
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae dietary supplements	cPPIA, Adda-ELlSA and LC-MS/MS	-	-	MC-LR	≤1 µg MC-LR equivalents g^−l dw	[136]
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae dietary supplements (capsule, liquid, powder, and tablet)	LC-MS/MS	C₁₈ silica- and polymeric-based SPE sorbents	-	MC-LR, MC-LA and MC-LY	0.18–1.87 μg of MC-LR eq/g	[137]
Dietary supplement tablet powder	UHPLC-MS/MS	MeOH	-	MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-LA, MC-LY, MC-LF, MC-LW, MC-YR, MC-WR, [Asp³] MC-LR, MC-HilR and MC-HtyR	0.12–1.18 µg/kg	[138]