Table 2.
Effects of a lipid-rich meal with and without vildagliptin or metformin use on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers, gastrointestinal peptides, and plasma viscosity during the postprandial period.
| Vildagliptin Baseline |
Vildagliptin Post-Treatment |
Metformin Baseline |
Metformin Post-Treatment |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PGintercept | 226.8 ± 93.0 | 216.3 ± 109.2 | 213.8 ± 80.1 | 175.3 ± 61.7 *** |
| Insulinintercept | 847.8 ± 476.7 | 1034 ± 636.1 *** | 1001 ± 526.2 | 993.5 ± 415.7 |
| Total Cholesterolintercept | 180.3 ± 36.8 | 177.2 ± 40.4 | 188.5 ± 35.6 | 184.7 ± 27.6 |
| Triglyceridesintercept | 157.4 ± 75.5 | 146.2 ± 80.4 | 135.9 ± 74.4 | 144.7 ± 67.6 |
| HDL-cholesterolintercept | 41.7 ± 8.5 | 42.9 ± 9.5 | 44.1 ± 10.9 | 43.5 ± 9.5 |
| LDL-cholesterolintercept | 107 ± 27.0 | 102.1 ± 22.1 | 116.8 ± 23.4 | 112.1 ± 21.7 |
| VLDL-cholesterolintercept | 31.0 ± 16.1 | 26.1 ± 8.9 | 27.4 ± 15.2 | 29.3 ± 13.6 |
| GLP-1intercept | 2.5 ± 1.9 | 5.3 ± 4.1 ** | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.3 ± 1.7 &&& |
| Glucagonintercept | 15.4 ± 28.4 | 26.6 ± 25.3 | 29.0 ± 43.6 | 28.1 ± 40.4 |
| LDLox intercept | 44.6 ± 59.4 | 72.2 ± 31.0 | 61.5 ± 17.8 | 61.4 ± 21.4 |
| Endotelinintercept | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.6 |
| DPP4 actintercept | 10.3 ± 3.4 | 7.6 ± 3.0 *** | 9.6 ± 3.6 | 9.2 ± 3.7 |
| PlasmaViscosity 30mPa.sintercept | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.2 |
| Plasma Viscosity 50mPa.sintercept | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.2 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD of Variableintercept. * Paired comparisons: ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. & Unpaired comparisons: &&& p < 0.001. Legends: BMI–body mass index; BP – blood pressure, HbA1c – glycated hemoglobin, TC–total cholesterol, TG–triglycerides; HDL–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL–low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL–very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; GLP-1–glucagon-like peptide-1; PG–Plasma glucose; LDLox–oxidized low density lipoprotein; DPP4act–Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity.