Table 2.
Cell analysis of DCs, NK cells and T cells in PBMCs between treatment groups over time.
| Unpaired T-Test | Two-Way ANOVA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subset | Phenotype | D14 | D26 | D43 | D69 | |
| p-value [CI] | p-value [CI] | p-value [CI] | p-value [CI] | |||
| pDCs (%) | CD14−CD4+CD172 a+CADM1− | ns | ns | ns | 0.060 ↓ [−0.66 to 34.14] | T (<0.001), I (0.020) |
| pDCs (mat.) | CD14−CD4+CD172 a+CADM1−CTLA4-Ig+ | ns | ns | ns | ns | T (<0.001) |
| cDC1 (%) | CD14−CD4−CD172 alowCADM1+ | ns | ns | ns | ns | T (<0.001) |
| cDC1 (mat.) | CD14−CD4−CD172 alowCADM1+ CTLA4-Ig+ | ns | ns | ns | ns | T (<0.001) |
| cDC2 (%) | CD14−CD4−CD172 a+CADM1+ | ns | ns | ns | ns | T (0.092) |
| cDC2 (mat.) | CD14−CD4−CD172 a+CADM1+ CTLA4-Ig+ | ns | ns | ns | ns | T (<0.001) |
| NK cells (%) | CD3−CD8α+ | ns | 0.060 ↓ [−0.41 to 15.68] | ns | ns | G (0.080), T (0.063) |
| NK cells (act.) | CD3−CD8α+CD25+ | ns | ns | ns | ns | T (<0.001) |
| NK cells (Ki67%) | CD3−CD8α+Ki67+ | ns | 0.009 ↓ [5.15 to 28.53] | ns | ns | G (0.010), T (<0.001) |
| γδ T cells (%) | CD3+TCR-γδ+ | ns | ns | ns | ns | T (0.005) |
| γδ T cells (Ki67%) | CD3+TCR-γδ+Ki67+ | ns | 0.049 ↓ [0.02 to 12.75] | ns | ns | G (0.034), T (<0.001) |
| CTLs (%) | CD3+TCR-γδ−CD8α+ | ns | 0.090 ↓ [−0.53 to 6.13] | ns | ns | G (0.008), T (<0.001) |
| CTLs (Ki67%) | CD3+TCR-γδ−CD8α+Ki67+ | ns | ns | ns | ns | T (<0.001) |
| T helper (%) | CD3+TCR-γδ−CD4+ | ns | ns | ns | ns | T (<0.001) |
| T helper (Ki67%) | CD3+TCR-γδ−CD4+Ki67+ | ns | ns | ns | ns | T (<0.001) |
| Mem./Act. (%) | CD3+TCR-γδ−CD4+CD8α+ | ns | ns | ns | ns | T (<0.001) |
| Mem./Act. (Ki67%) | CD3+TCR-γδ−CD4+CD8α+ki67+ | ns | ns | ns | ns | T (<0.001) |
| Tregs (%) | CD3+TCR-γδ−CD4+CD25 highFoxp3+ | ns | ns | ns | ns | T (0.003) |
| Tregs (Ki67%) | CD3+ TCR-γδ−CD4+CD25 highFoxp3+Ki67+ | ns | ns | ns | ns | T (<0.001) |
Ns; not significant, 0.05 < p < 0.1; trend, p < 0.05; significant. An unpaired Student’s T-test and a Two-way ANOVA were conducted to analyse the group effect per time point, and the effects over time, respectively. G; group effect, T; time effect, I; group-time interaction, act.; activation, mat.; maturation, Mem./Act.; Memory/Activated T cells. Arrows indicate if the values (e.g., percentage of cells) in the treatment group (β-glucan, n = 7 or 8) is significantly lower (↓) than the control group (n = 7 or 8). The 95% confidence intervals (CI) on the difference between the means are shown for all significant results or results which show a trend.