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Suppression of (A) interleukin (IL)-6 and (B) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion by the extracts of pepper leaves (PL) and pepper fruits (PF) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 100 (L), 200 (M), and 500 (H) µg/mL PL and PF extracts in the presence of 100 ng/mL LPS for 18 h. Statistical significance is based on the difference compared with CON(+) (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).
