Table 1.
Summary of the confirmatory factor analysis results.
| Construct and Scale Items | Loadings | Mean | Standard Deviation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perceived Performance | |||
| Efficiency (AVE: 0.618; CR: 0.866) | |||
| A smart hotel would enable me to enjoy products and services more efficiently | 0.880 | 4.2862 | 1.6820 |
| A smart hotel would enable me to request and receive products/services without spending much time | 0.897 | 4.5866 | 1.5421 |
| A smart hotel would enable me to request and receive products/services without much effort | 0.921 | 4.6926 | 1.5915 |
| High-technology products and services employed at a smart hotel would improve efficiency of my stay | 0.908 | 4.3958 | 1.7419 |
| Ease of use (AVE: 0.572; CR: 0.842) | |||
| It looks easy to use high-technology products and services employed at a smart hotel | 0.873 | 4.4240 | 1.5790 |
| I would go through a simple process to operate the high-technology products and services employed at a smart hotel | 0.920 | 4.4700 | 1.6095 |
| Interactions with advanced technologies (e.g., AI speaker) and robots available at a smart hotel seem to be clear and understandable | 0.866 | 4.3251 | 1.6482 |
| It does not seem to be difficult to interact with advanced technologies and robots available at a smart hotel | 0.857 | 4.4417 | 1.5798 |
| Reliability (AVE: 0.554; CR: 0.832) | |||
| High-technology products and services provided at a smart hotel would be reliable | 0.890 | 4.3498 | 1.5163 |
| Using high-technology products and services provided at a smart hotel, I would get just what I wanted | 0.942 | 4.3922 | 1.5906 |
| Advanced technologies and robots employed at a smart hotel would not result in errors | 0.803 | 3.8940 | 1.6894 |
| High technologies employed at a smart hotel would reduce mistakes that generally occurred by the human | 0.852 | 4.1307 | 1.6003 |
| Convenience (AVE: 0.677; CR: 0.893) | |||
| A smart hotel would enable me to request and receive products/services conveniently | 0.932 | 4.6714 | 1.5350 |
| A smart hotel would enable me to be connected for assistance with no regard to time and place | 0.882 | 4.7350 | 1.5078 |
| Advanced technologies and robots employed at a smart hotel would offer the benefits of convenience | 0.925 | 4.5830 | 1.6230 |
| High-technology products and services available at a smart hotel seem to be convenient | 0.916 | 4.6219 | 1.5873 |
| Control (AVE: 0.603; CR: 0.859) | |||
| High technologies available at a smart hotel would enable me to hold a lot of control over requesting and receiving products/services that I want | 0.891 | 4.5230 | 1.5740 |
| High technologies available at a smart hotel would enable me to hold a lot of control over requesting and receiving products/services regardless time and place | 0.893 | 4.5830 | 1.5446 |
| High technologies available at a smart hotel would give me more control to process a check-in/out | 0.904 | 4.7279 | 1.6068 |
| I would feel more in control using high technologies provided at a smart hotel | 0.886 | 4.2367 | 1.7085 |
| Attitude (AVE: 0.705; CR: 0.923) | |||
| For me, staying at a smart hotel is … | |||
| Bad—Good | 0.956 | 4.9443 | 1.8802 |
| Unfavorable—Favorable | 0.961 | 4.7931 | 1.9319 |
| Negative—Positive | 0.945 | 4.8921 | 1.9114 |
| Foolish—Wise | 0.909 | 4.8068 | 1.8430 |
| Unpleasant—Pleasant | 0.954 | 4.9525 | 1.8640 |
| Word-of-mouth intention (AVE: 0.710; CR: 0.880) | |||
| I am likely to say positive things about a smart hotel to others | 0.905 | 3.8834 | 1.6834 |
| I am likely to recommend a smart hotel to others | 0.964 | 3.8163 | 1.7202 |
| I am likely to encourage others to stay at a smart hotel | 0.940 | 3.7739 | 1.7560 |
| Optimism (AVE: 0.645; CR: 0.845) | |||
| High-technology products and services at a smart hotel would give me more control over my hotel experience | 0.902 | 4.3922 | 1.6215 |
| Advanced technologies and robots at a smart hotel would enable a more efficient experience with products and services that I looked for | 0.927 | 4.3640 | 1.6238 |
| Products and services that use advanced technologies at a smart hotel would be much more convenient to use | 0.902 | 4.4488 | 1.6567 |
| Innovativeness (AVE: 0.521; CR: 0.765) | |||
| Others would come to me for advice on high-technology products and services available at a smart hotel | 0.873 | 3.7986 | 1.8808 |
| I would have fewer problems than others in making technology work at a smart hotel | 0.904 | 4.1484 | 1.7942 |
| I keep up with the latest technological development that I am interested in | 0.889 | 4.1484 | 1.9054 |
| Goodness-of-fit statistics: χ2 = 1306.388, df = 505, p < 0.001, χ2/df = 2.587, RMSEA = 0.075, CFI = 0.941, IFI = 0.941, NFI = 0.907, TLI = 0.934 | |||
Note 1: AVE = average variance extracted, CR = composite reliability. Note 2: RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation, CFI = comparative fit index, IFI = incremental fit index, NFI = normed fit index, TLI = Tucker–Lewis index.