Table 1.
Volatile oil compositions of C. indicum and C. morifolium flower heads.
| Compound | RI | Content [%] | Identification Method | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cal. | Rep. | C. indicum | C. morifolium | |||
| 1. | Tricyclene | 904 | 905 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 2. | α- Pinene | 917 | 917 | 0.49 | 0.57 | MS, RI, AU |
| 3. | α-Fenchene | 930 | 934 | - | 0.20 | MS, RI |
| 4. | Camphene | 933 | 933 | 2.21 | - | MS, RI, AU |
| 5. | 1-Octen-3-ol | 961 | 964 | - | 0.63 | MS, RI |
| 6. | 2,3-Dehydro-1,8-cineole | 972 | 972 | 0.32 | - | MS, RI |
| 7. | 2-Pentylfuran | 975 | 972 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 8. | n-Decane | 1000 | 1000 | 0.67 | 0.61 | MS, RI |
| 9. | Psi-cumene | 1002 | 1004 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 10. | α-Terpinene | 1006 | 1006 | 5.73 | - | MS, RI, AU |
| 11. | o-Cymene | 1008 | 1006 | - | 0.60 | MS, RI |
| 12. | p-Cymene | 1009 | 1006 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 13. | m-Cymene | 1011 | 1010 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 14. | Cineole | 1015 | 1015 | 2.02 | tr | MS, RI, AU |
| 15. | D-Limonene | 1017 | 1017 | 0.02 | tr | MS, RI, AU |
| 16. | τ-Terpinene | 1046 | 1046 | tr | 0.18 | MS, RI, AU |
| 17. | α-p-Dimethylstyrene | 1070 | 1070 | - | 0.26 | MS, RI |
| 18. | Dehydro-p-cymene | 1070 | 1071 | 0.35 | - | MS, RI |
| 19. | Terpinolene | 1075 | 1075 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 20. | α-Thujone | 1082 | 1087 | 4.73 | 0.57 | MS, RI, AU |
| 21. | β-Thujone | 1093 | 1097 | 2.07 | - | MS, RI, AU |
| 22. | L-trans-Pinocarveol | 1119 | 1119 | - | 0.51 | MS, RI |
| 23. | Camphor | 1120 | 1124 | 36.69 | 14.56 | MS, RI, AU |
| 24. | cis-Verbenol | 1126 | 1131 | 0.97 | - | MS, RI, AU |
| 25. | Chrysanthenone | 1133 | 1131 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 26. | Borneol | 1136 | 1130 | tr | 7.95 | MS, RI, AU |
| 27. | Isoborneol | 1149 | 1154 | 7.64 | - | MS, RI, AU |
| 28. | Lavandulol | 1152 | 1152 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 29. | Myrtenal | 1155 | 1151 | tr | - | MS, RI, AU |
| 30. | Terpene-4-ol | 1159 | 1159 | 0.93 | - | MS, RI |
| 31. | Verbenol | 1166 | 1165 | tr | 0.87 | MS, RI, AU |
| 32. | α-Phellandren-8-ol | 1167 | 1167 | - | tr | MS, RI |
| 33. | α-Terpineol | 1169 | 1169 | tr | 0.65 | MS, RI, AU |
| 34. | Myrtenol | 1176 | 1178 | 0.59 | tr | MS, RI, AU |
| 35. | n-Dodecane | 1199 | 1200 | tr | 0.68 | MS, RI |
| 36. | Cuminal | 1206 | 1207 | 0.34 | - | MS, RI |
| 37. | Carveol | 1215 | 1217 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 38. | trans-Chrysanthenyl acetate | 1243 | 1243 | - | 0.42 | MS, RI |
| 39. | Isobornyl acetate | 1266 | 1268 | 0.69 | 1.23 | MS, RI |
| 40. | Carvacrol | 1274 | 1275 | tr | - | MS, RI, AU |
| 41. | Thymol | 1282 | 1285 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 42. | (-)-trans-Pinocarvyl acetate | 1303 | 1297 | 0.21 | - | MS, RI |
| 43. | α-terpinyl acetate | 1331 | 1325 | - | 0.89 | MS, RI |
| 44. | Copaene | 1367 | 1367 | tr | 5.61 | MS, RI |
| 45. | β-Elemene | 1382 | 1382 | - | 1.19 | MS, RI |
| 46. | β -Patchoulene | 1369 | 1370 | 0.34 | - | MS, RI |
| 47. | n-Decanoic acid | 1380 | 1380 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 48. | n-Tetradecane | 1399 | 1400 | tr | 1.27 | MS, RI |
| 49. | Caryophyllene | 1406 | 1406 | 0.32 | tr | MS, RI, AU |
| 50. | β-Farnesene | 1447 | 1446 | - | 1.06 | MS, RI |
| 51. | α-Curcumene | 1467 | 1464 | 1.23 | 10.50 | MS, RI |
| 52. | Zingiberene | 1486 | 1486 | - | 4.33 | MS, RI, AU |
| 53. | Varidiflorene | 1498 | 1499 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 54. | α-Bisabolene | 1500 | 1500 | - | 1.37 | MS, RI |
| 55. | Guaiene | 1506 | 1500 | - | tr | MS, RI |
| 56. | α-Muurolene | 1511 | 1508 | - | tr | MS, RI |
| 57. | Cadinene | 1509 | 1508 | 0.3 | - | MS, RI |
| 58. | α-Calacorene | 1523 | 1523 | - | tr | MS, RI |
| 59. | Spathulenol | 1535 | 1537 | 0.73 | - | MS, RI |
| 60. | trans-Nerolidol | 1548 | 1549 | - | tr | MS, RI |
| 61. | Caryophyllene oxide | 1562 | 1562 | 5.46 | 1.27 | MS, RI |
| 62. | Isoaromadendrene epoxide | 1583 | 1579 | tr | tr | MS, RI |
| 63. | Ent-Spathulenol | 1588 | 1578 | 1.38 | 1.27 | MS, RI |
| 64. | n-Hexadecane | 1599 | 1600 | - | tr | MS, RI |
| 65. | Widdrol | 1604 | 1606 | - | tr | MS, RI |
| 66. | Cubenol | 1608 | 1609 | - | 0.56 | MS, RI |
| 67. | α-Eudesmol | 1634 | 1630 | 4.4 | - | MS, RI |
| 68. | τ-Eudesmol | 1637 | 1638 | - | 8.92 | MS, RI |
| 69. | α-Cadinol | 1651 | 1651 | - | 1.05 | MS, RI |
| 70. | Cedren-13-ol, 8- | 1664 | 1668 | 4.94 | 0.56 | MS, RI |
| 71. | Bisabolol | 1665 | 1667 | - | 2.26 | MS, RI |
| 72. | Germacrone | 1691 | 1691 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 73. | n-Octadecane | 1799 | 1800 | 0.54 | 1.06 | MS, RI |
| 74. | Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone | 1827 | 1832 | 0.30 | tr | MS, RI |
| 75. | Nonacosane | 1903 | 1900 | 2.75 | 0.75 | MS, RI |
| 76. | Palmitic acid, methyl ester | 1910 | 1910 | 0.24 | - | MS, RI |
| 77. | Palmitic acid | 1951 | 1951 | 0.66 | 1.54 | MS, RI, AU |
| 78. | n-Eicosane | 1998 | 2000 | 0.38 | 1.32 | MS, RI |
| 79. | Methyl linoleate | 2072 | 2078 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 80. | Methyl oleate | 2082 | 2082 | tr | - | MS, RI |
| 81. | Heneicosane | 2103 | 2100 | tr | 4.88 | MS, RI |
| 82. | Methyl linolenate | 2113 | 2099 | 0.26 | - | MS, RI |
| 83. | Linoleic acid | 2118 | 2113 | tr | - | MS, RI, AU |
| 84. | Tricosane | 2304 | 2300 | 0.32 | 4.18 | MS, RI |
| 85. | Tetracosane | 2397 | 2400 | 0.29 | 1.34 | MS, RI |
| 86. | Pentacosane | 2503 | 2500 | 0.19 | 8.65 | MS, RI |
| 87. | Hexacosane | 2605 | 2600 | - | 0.29 | MS, RI |
| 88. | Heptacosane | 2705 | 2700 | - | 1.43 | MS, RI |
| 89. | Octacosane | 2799 | 2800 | - | 0.94 | MS, RI |
| Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 11.81 | 2.18 | ||||
| Oxygenated monoterpens | 54.86 | 27.65 | ||||
| Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 2.19 | 24.06 | ||||
| Oxygenated sesquiterpens | 16.91 | 15.89 | ||||
| Others | 5.93 | 29.20 | ||||
| Total identified components | 91.70 | 98.98 | ||||