Table 4.
Breast cancer risk for the third tertile compared with the first tertile of each serum phospholipid fatty acid by pathological subtype*.
| HR+ (n = 532) | HER2+ (n = 162) | TN (n = 99) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR a | 95% CI | p-Value | OR a | 95% CI | p-Value | OR a | 95% CI | p-Value | p-Het b | |
| SFAs | ||||||||||
| 14:0 myristic acid | 1.10 | (0.83–1.45) | 0.502 | 0.87 | (0.57–1.33) | 0.526 | 0.72 | (0.43–1.19) | 0.200 | 0.208 |
| 15:0 pentadecanoic acid | 1.44 | (1.09–1.91) | 0.010 | 1.24 | (0.81–1.90) | 0.330 | 0.81 | (0.48–1.35) | 0.421 | 0.098 |
| 16:0 palmitic acid | 1.18 | (0.90–1.55) | 0.229 | 1.18 | (0.78–1.81) | 0.434 | 0.84 | (0.50–1.42) | 0.516 | 0.445 |
| 17:0 margaric acid | 1.20 | (0.91–1.59) | 0.197 | 1.16 | (0.75–1.81) | 0.505 | 1.39 | (0.81–2.37) | 0.232 | 0.854 |
| 18:0 stearic acid | 0.68 | (0.51–0.91) | 0.009 | 0.68 | (0.43–1.07) | 0.094 | 0.80 | (0.46–1.38) | 0.416 | 0.847 |
| 20:0 arachidic acid | 1.01 | (0.78–1.31) | 0.945 | 1.18 | (0.79–1.77) | 0.417 | 1.08 | (0.66–1.76) | 0.772 | 0.755 |
| 22:0 behenic acid | 0.81 | (0.63–1.05) | 0.113 | 0.92 | (0.62–1.35) | 0.656 | 0.94 | (0.58–1.50) | 0.782 | 0.757 |
| Total SFAs | 1.00 | (0.76–1.32) | 0.986 | 0.85 | (0.56–1.29) | 0.448 | 0.89 | (0.53–1.49) | 0.647 | 0.721 |
| cis-MUFAs | ||||||||||
| 16:1 n-7 palmitoleic acid | 1.41 | (1.06–1.88) | 0.017 | 1.59 | (1.02–2.47) | 0.041 | 1.28 | (0.74–2.24) | 0.377 | 0.809 |
| 17:1 heptadecenoic acid | 1.01 | (0.76–1.32) | 0.967 | 1.04 | (0.69–1.58) | 0.838 | 1.22 | (0.73–2.06) | 0.445 | 0.767 |
| 18:1 n-9 oleic acid | 1.14 | (0.86–1.51) | 0.353 | 0.89 | (0.58–1.37) | 0.596 | 1.18 | (0.70–1.98) | 0.538 | 0.516 |
| 20:1 n-9 gondoic acid | 1.35 | (1.02–1.79) | 0.034 | 1.72 | (1.11–2.66) | 0.015 | 1.56 | (0.91–2.65) | 0.103 | 0.547 |
| 22:1 n-9 erucic acid | 0.70 | (0.54–0.91) | 0.009 | 1.21 | (0.82–1.79) | 0.330 | 0.86 | (0.53–1.42) | 0.564 | 0.030 |
| Total cis-MUFAs | 1.12 | (0.85–1.49) | 0.417 | 0.94 | (0.61–1.46) | 0.786 | 1.21 | (0.72–2.02) | 0.477 | 0.683 |
| cis-n-6 PUFAs | ||||||||||
| 18:2 linoleic acid | 0.68 | (0.51–0.90) | 0.008 | 0.80 | (0.52–1.25) | 0.328 | 0.91 | (0.54–1.54) | 0.725 | 0.486 |
| 18:3 γ-linolenic acid | 1.23 | (0.96–1.58) | 0.104 | 1.16 | (0.79–1.71) | 0.457 | 1.79 | (1.12–2.87) | 0.016 | 0.264 |
| 20:2 eicosadienoic acid | 0.99 | (0.75–1.30) | 0.946 | 1.43 | (0.94–2.18) | 0.097 | 1.31 | (0.77–2.24) | 0.320 | 0.197 |
| 20:3 dihomo-γ-linolenic acid | 1.18 | (0.89–1.56) | 0.258 | 1.26 | (0.84–1.90) | 0.263 | 1.30 | (0.76–2.22) | 0.340 | 0.905 |
| 20:4 arachidonic acid | 0.87 | (0.66–1.15) | 0.316 | 0.84 | (0.55–1.29) | 0.428 | 1.07 | (0.63–1.84) | 0.792 | 0.715 |
| 22:2 docosadienoic acid | 1.14 | (0.87–1.48) | 0.341 | 1.24 | (0.83–1.85) | 0.287 | 1.02 | (0.61–1.69) | 0.948 | 0.803 |
| Total cis-n-6 PUFAs | 0.84 | (0.64–1.12) | 0.232 | 0.95 | (0.62–1.46) | 0.811 | 1.08 | (0.63–1.84) | 0.781 | 0.635 |
| cis-n-3 PUFAs | ||||||||||
| 18:3 α-linolenic acid | 0.97 | (0.73–1.28) | 0.833 | 1.29 | (0.83–1.99) | 0.253 | 1.19 | (0.70–2.02) | 0.526 | 0.408 |
| 20:5 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) | 0.86 | (0.65–1.15) | 0.302 | 1.09 | (0.70–1.68) | 0.712 | 0.94 | (0.55–1.59) | 0.805 | 0.600 |
| 22:6 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) | 0.89 | (0.68–1.17) | 0.417 | 0.96 | (0.62–1.49) | 0.849 | 0.77 | (0.45–1.30) | 0.322 | 0.786 |
| Total cis-n-3 PUFAs | 0.95 | (0.72–1.25) | 0.707 | 0.99 | (0.64–1.53) | 0.973 | 0.79 | (0.45–1.36) | 0.388 | 0.764 |
| Total Trans Fatty Acids | ||||||||||
| 16:1 n-7t palmitelaidic acid | 1.35 | (1.01–1.79) | 0.040 | 1.52 | (0.96–2.39) | 0.071 | 1.47 | (0.86–2.50) | 0.160 | 0.861 |
| 18:1 n-9t elaidic acid | 1.31 | (1.01–1.71) | 0.044 | 1.33 | (0.87–2.03) | 0.187 | 1.37 | (0.83–2.26) | 0.214 | 0.985 |
| 18:1 n-7t vaccenic acid | 1.14 | (0.87–1.51) | 0.342 | 1.02 | (0.65–1.57) | 0.946 | 0.99 | (0.59–1.65) | 0.957 | 0.783 |
| 18:2 n-6t linolelaidic acid | 0.89 | (0.69–1.14) | 0.354 | 0.96 | (0.65–1.42) | 0.848 | 1.32 | (0.83–2.08) | 0.239 | 0.258 |
| Ruminant trans-fatty acids c | 1.25 | (0.94–1.66) | 0.131 | 1.46 | (0.92–2.32) | 0.107 | 1.14 | (0.68–1.90) | 0.618 | 0.725 |
| Industrial trans-fatty acids d | 1.23 | (0.93–1.62) | 0.153 | 1.37 | (0.87–2.14) | 0.175 | 1.27 | (0.76–2.14) | 0.367 | 0.899 |
| Ratio cis-PUFA n-6/n-3 | 1.07 | (0.81–1.42) | 0.631 | 0.94 | (0.61–1.44) | 0.768 | 1.31 | (0.76–2.26) | 0.340 | 0.605 |
| Desaturation Indexes | ||||||||||
| SCD-16: 16:1n-7c/16:0 | 1.22 | (0.92–1.63) | 0.171 | 1.29 | (0.83–2.02) | 0.263 | 1.02 | (0.59–1.76) | 0.942 | 0.770 |
| SCD-18: 18:1n-9/18:0 | 1.54 | (1.15–2.06) | 0.004 | 1.23 | (0.79–1.91) | 0.355 | 1.38 | (0.76–2.50) | 0.291 | 0.626 |
| FADS1: 20:4n-6/20:3n-6 | 0.66 | (0.50–0.87) | 0.004 | 0.55 | (0.35–0.87) | 0.010 | 0.66 | (0.39–1.12) | 0.122 | 0.746 |
| FADS2: 20:3n-6/18:2n-6 | 1.24 | (0.94–1.65) | 0.134 | 1.44 | (0.93–2.23) | 0.100 | 1.22 | (0.72–2.06) | 0.466 | 0.797 |
Abbreviations: HR+, hormone receptor positive tumors (ER+ and/or PR+, with HER2-); HER2+, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive tumors; TN, triple negative tumors; CI, confidence interval; FADS, fatty acid desaturase; MUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids; n-3 PUFAs, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; n-6 PUFAs, omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids; OR, odds ratio; SCD, stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SFAs, saturated fatty acids. * Two breast cancer cases could not be classified. a Adjusted for age, hospital, educational level, body mass index, menopausal status, age at menarche, age at first birth (with a category of history of nulliparous), hormone replacement therapy use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, previous benign breast problems, family history of breast cancer and energy intake. b p-value for heterogeneity. c Includes 16:1 n-7t and 18:1 n-7t. d Includes 18:1 n-9t and 18:2t.