Figure 1.
Low O2 escape strategy (LOES) and low O2 quiescence strategy (LOQS) strategy of rice germination under submergence conditions. Oxygen is one of the important factors that affects the germination and early seedling growth of rice. Under normoxic conditions, the surrounding oxygen ensures normal seed germination and early growth of the seedlings. Under the submergence condition, the formation of roots is inhibited in rice seedlings after germination. Sensitive cultivars adopt the quiescence strategy that inhibits germination and coleoptile elongation under low O2 stress, while tolerant varieties show phenotypes with faster coleoptile elongation capacity to reach the water surface for air exchange.