Table 3.
Associations between months of lactation, maternal age, maternal BMI, birth order, breastfeeding frequency, and human milk composition using multiple linear regression
| Protein (g/dL) |
Fat (g/dL) |
Energy (kcal/dL) |
Carbohydrate (g/dL) |
IgA (mg/dL) |
TAC (mM) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | 95% CI | B (SE) | 95% CI | B (SE) | 95% CI | B (SE) | 95% CI | B (SE) | 95% CI | B (SE) | 95% CI | |
| Months of lactation | 0.09 (0.05) |
− 0.01, 0.19 (p = 0.06) |
0.31 (0.09) |
0.13, 0.49 (p = 0.001) |
3.11 (0.92) |
1.30, 4.92 (p = 0.001) |
− 0.22 (0.01) |
− 0.22, − 0.01 (p = 0.04) |
4.17 (1.08) |
2.03, 6.31 (p < 0.001) |
− 0.04 (0.06) |
− 0.15, 0.08 (p = 0.54) |
| Maternal age | − 0.01 (0.01) |
− 0.03, 0.02 (p = 0.62) |
− 0.03 (0.02) |
− 0.08, 0.01 (p = 0.18) |
− 0.32 (0.23) |
− 0.78, 0.14 (p = 0.17) |
0.02 (0.01) |
− 0.004, 0.05 (p = 0.09) |
− 0.40 (0.28) |
− 0.95, 0.14 (p = 0.15) |
0.03 (0.02) |
− 0.01, − 0.05 (p = 0.10) |
| Maternal BMI | 0.02 (0.01) |
− 0.003, 0.048 (p = 0.09) |
0.09 (0.02) |
0.04, 0.14 (p < 0.001) |
0.88 (0.24) |
0.40, 1.36 (p < 0.001) |
− 0.04 (0.01) |
− 0.06, − 0.01 (p = 0.02) |
−0.40 (0.29) |
− 0.96, 0.14 (p = 0.17) |
−0.02 (0.02) |
− 0.05, 0.02 (p = 0.35) |
| Birth order | −0.02 (0.09) |
− 0.19, 0.16 (p = 0.85) |
0.19 (0.16) |
− 0.13, 0.52 (p = 0.25) |
1.92 (1.64) |
− 1.33, 5.16 (p = 0.25) |
− 0.22 (0.16) |
−0.22, 0.27 (p = 0.77) |
− 0.15 (1.94) |
−3.98, 3.69 (p = 0.94) |
−0.003 (0.11) |
− 0.21, 0.20 (p = 0.98) |
| Breastfeeding frequency | −0.01 (0.01) |
− 0.04, 0.01 (p = 0.27) |
−0.001 (0.023) |
− 0.05, 0.04 (p = 0.97) |
−0.01 (0.23) |
− 0.46, 0.44 (p = 0.97) |
−0.04 (0.02) |
− 0.04, 0.01 (p = 0.39) |
−0.20 (0.27) |
− 0.73, 0.33 (p = 0.45) |
0.02 (0.02) |
− 0.004, 0.05 (p = 0.10) |
A p-value less than 0.05 was regarded as significant. CI confidence interval, B unstandardized beta, SE standard error
Maternal age, maternal BMI, birth order, and breastfeeding frequency were analyzed as covariates