Table 2.

Biochemical and hormonal variables in children and adolescents^a

	Control	Obesity	p value
	n = 19	n = 18
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)	87,61 ± 5,55	87,59 ± 6,25	0,936
2 h glucose (mg/dL)	91,74 ± 13	94,23 ± 13,58	0,7617
Insulin (mcU/mL)	7,77 ± 4,78	19,77 ± 8,02	<  0,0001**
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	150,15 ± 21,83	158,29 ± 24,91	0,3758
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	76,48 ± 18,47	117,27 ± 31,64	0,0001*
HDL (mg/dL)	50,34 ± 8,22	41,39 ± 9,51	0,0077*
LDL (mg/dL)	84,55 ± 18,04	94,70 ± 20,67	0,2547
VLDL (mg/dL)	15,29 ± 3,69	23,45 ± 6.33	0,0001**
HOMA-IR (score)	1,50 ± 1,19	4,28 ± 1,72	<  0,0001**
TG/HDL ratio	1,60 ± 0,61	3,02 ± 1,24	< 0,0001**
Android-gynoid % fat ratio	0,61 ± 0,17	0,99 ± 0,08	< 0,0001**
GLP-1 (ng/mL)	15,98 ± 0,69	17,70 ± 0,66	0,0725
GIP (pg/mL)	2637 ± 486,89	3137 ± 512,44	0,6299

Values are presented as percentage or mean ± standard deviation (SD). Differences between groups were evaluated using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests

* p < 0.005, ** p < 0.0001

^aHDL high-density lipoprotein, VLDL very low-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HOMA-IR homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide 1, GIP gastric inhibitory polypeptide