Table 2.

Main chemical threat agents. Republished with permission from [87]; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.

Group	Agent	Action Mode
Nerve agents	G-group (Tabun, soman, sarin) V-group (VX, Vx, CVx, VR) A-group (Novichoks)	Inactivates the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, preventing the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the victim’s synapses and causing both muscarinic and nicotinic effects.
Vesicant/Blister	Sulfur mustard Nitrogen mustard	Agents are acid-forming compounds that damage skin and respiratory system, resulting in burns and respiratory problems.
Blood/suffocating	Cyanogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide	Cyanide directly prevents cells from using oxygen. The cells then use anaerobic respiration, creating excess lactic acid and metabolic acidosis.