Table 1.
Baseline characteristic (n = 75).
| Variable | AGEsLowering Arm (n = 35) | SOC Arm (n = 40) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 71.91 ± 4.20 | 71.42 ± 3.99 | 0.57 |
| Gender n (%) | 8 (22.9) | 11 (27.5) | 0.64 |
| Female | 27(77.1) | 29 (72.5) | |
| Male | |||
| Education (years) | 13.89 ± 2.88 | 14.93 ± 2.62 | 0.10 |
| Family history of dementia | 23 (65.7) | 24(60) | 0.61 |
| n (%) | |||
| No family history | |||
| Smoking n (%) | 19 (54.3) | 15 (37.5) | 0.31 |
| Never | 14 (40) | 23 (57.5) | |
| In the past | 2 (5.7) | 2 (5) | |
| Current | |||
| Medication for T2D n (%) | 0.32 | ||
| All but insulin | 29 (82.9) | 29(72.5) | |
| Insulin included | 6 (17.1) | 9(22.5) | |
| Diet only | 0 | 2(5) | |
| MoCA | 23.14 ± 2.18 | 23.25 ± 2.23 | 0.80 |
| GDS | 2.37 ± 1.71 | 2.53 ± 1.66 | 0.69 |
| ADL | 99.43 ± 2.35 | 99.75 ± 1.10 | 0.84 |
| Physical activity (METS/day) | 148.75 ± 130.92 | 118.63 ± 115.61 | 0.22 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 106.74 ± 10.77 | 106.05 ± 10.81 | 0.78 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.02 ± 4.28 | 29.55 ± 3.58 | 0.75 |
| CRP (mg/l) | 4.79 ± 5.28 | 3.48 ± 4.22 | 0.10 |
| Insulin (mU/l) (n = 57)1 | 15.24 ± 10.97 | 15.11 ± 9.41 | 0.64 |
| HbA1C % | 6.63 ± 0.72 | 6.71 ± 0.67 | 0.59 |
| HOMA-IR (n = 57)1 | 5.04 ± 4.12 | 4.53 ± 2.35 | 0.81 |
| Creatinine clearance(ml/min) | 84.75 ± 26.27 | 85.86 ± 22.35 | 0.84 |
| Estimated AGEs intake (kU/day) | 23.25 ± 6.48 | 22.14 ± 6.50 | 0.46 |
| Protein (g) | 94.89 ± 27.71 | 96.15 ± 27.44 | 0.73 |
| Fat (g) | 83.21 ± 25.08 | 82.70 ± 30.78 | 0.62 |
| Carbohydrates(g) | 232.94 ± 66.67 | 241.75 ± 60.45 | 0.53 |
| Energy (kcal) | 2012.26 ± 488.83 | 2059.03 ± 553.68 | 0.86 |
| Serum CML (nmole/L) | 127.91 ± 51.06 | 115.15 ± 39.43 | 0.26 |
| Serum 3DG (nmole/L) | 376.51 ± 202.44 | 377.92 ± 232.56 | 0.84 |
| Serum CEL (nmole/L) | 104.61 ± 42.04 | 93.15 ± 38.07 | 0.18 |
| Serum G-H1 (nmole/L) | 12.08 ± 5.21 | 10.46 ± 2.70 | 0.12 |
| Serum MG-H1 (nmole/L) | 271.41 ± 164.68 | 216.71 ± 158.51 | 0.05 |
All values expressed as Mean ± SD. Abbreviations and explanation: AGEs: Advanced glycation end products; SOC; Standard of care; T2D: Type 2 diabetes; MoCA: Montreal cognitive assessment; GDS: Geriatric depression scale; ADL: Activity of daily living; BMI: Body max index; CRP: C reactive protein; HbA1C: glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; CML: Ne-carboxymethyl lysine; 3DG-H1: 3-deoxyglucosone hydroimidazolone; CEL: Ne-carboxyethyl lysine; G-H1: glyoxalhydroimidazolone; MG-H1: methylglyoxalhydroimidazolone. 1 insulin mean and HOMA-IR include only participants who do not take insulin.