Table 2.
Nutritional intake at baseline and follow-up.
| AGE-Lowering Arm (n = 33) | SOC Arm (n = 37) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-Up | Delta | p 1 | Baseline | Follow-Up | Delta | p 1 | p 2 | |
| Energy (kcal) | 2020.74 ± 493.16 | 1648 ± 381.32 | −372.74 ± 410.73 | <0.001 | 2069.66 ± 574.35 | 1804.09 ± 503.20 | −265.57 ± 511.03 | <0.001 | 0.34 |
| Protein (g) | 95.13 ± 28.53 | 76.63 ± 19.84 | −18.50 ± 21.80 | <0.001 | 96.56 ± 27.99 | 86.95 ± 28.51 | −9.60 ± 26.35 | 0.03 | 0.13 |
| Fat (g) | 83.94 ± 25.26 | 68.1 ± 18.05 | −15.84 ± 25.20 | <0.001 | 84.01 ± 31.38 | 71.46 ± 23.97 | −12.54 ± 24.23 | <0.001 | 0.57 |
| Carbohydrates (g) | 232.62 ± 67.73 | 193.02 ± 57.39 | 39.60 ± 51.38 | <0.001 | 240.50 ± 61.57 | 211.57 ± 58.40 | −28.92 ± 65.66 | 0.01 | 0.45 |
| % Carbohydrates | 45.9 ± 7.1 | 46.7 ± 7.3 | 0.8 ± 5.5 | 0.41 | 47.5 ± 6.1 | 47.4 ± 6.4 | 0.4 ± 4.8 | 0.62 | 0.74 |
| % Protein | 18.8 ± 3 | 18.6 ± 2.6 | −0.2 ± 3.1 | 0.68 | 18.7 ± 2.8 | 19.2 ± 3.3 | 0.5 ± 3.1 | 0.29 | 0.30 |
| % Fat | 37.2 ± 5.7 | 37.5 ± 5.8 | −0.2 ± 5.4 | 0.8 | 36 ± 5.1 | 35.3 ± 4.4 | 0.7 ± 4.6 | 0.33 | 0.66 |
| Estimate dAGEs intake (kU/day) | 23.51 ± 6.57 | 11.72 ± 4.98 | −11.78 ± 7.09 | <0.001 | 22.65 ± 6.49 | 18.06 ± 5.91 | −4.58 ± 7.56 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| AGEs density 3 (kU/Kcal) | 0.012 ± 0.003 | 0.0074 ± 0.003 | −0.0047 ± 0.005 | <0.001 | 0.011 ± 0.002 | 0.010 ± 0.003 | −0.0006 ± 0.004 | 0.385 | 0.001 |
All values expressed as mean or % ± SD. Abbreviations and explanation: AGEs: Advanced glycation end products; SOC; Standard of care. p 1 change between baseline and 6 months visit within group; p 2 difference in mean change between AGE-lowering vs. SOC groups. 3 AGEs density was calculated as estimated dietary AGE intake divided by energy intake.