Table 1.

Some examples of organochlorines pesticides, which are organic compounds with five or more chlorine atoms [10,11,12,13].

Examples	Physicochemical Characteristics	Health and Environment Risks
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)	Melting point: 108.5 °C Solubility in water: 25 × 10−3 mg/L (25 °C) Solubility in ethanol (20 × 103 mg/L) Solubility in ether (280 × 103 mg/L) Vapor pressure (20 °C): 2.53 × 10−5 Pa	Probable carcinogen Reproductive effect Liver and kidney problem Eye, nose, skin, throat irritant
Captan	Melting point: 178 °C Soluble in water: 3.3 mg/L (25 °C), in acetone: 21 g/L, chloroform: 70 g/L, cyclohexanone: 23 g/L, and in isopropanol: 1.7 g/L. Vapor pressure (20 °C): 13.3 × 10−5 Pa.	Probable carcinogen, allergen Induces hyperplasia of the crypt cells Potent eye irritant Mild skin irritant
Lindane	Melting point: 112.5 °C Solubility in water: insoluble. Moderately soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene acetone. Vapor pressure (20 °C): 125.32 × 10−5 Pa	Suspected carcinogen Affects central nervous system, and respiratory, reproductive systems.
Endosulfan	Melting point: 70 to 100 °C Solubility in water (22 °C): 0.33 mg/L. Vapor pressure (25 °C): 133.32 × 10−5 Pa	Causes DNA damage Potential correlation between endosulfan and leukemia.
Aldrin	Melting point: 104 °C Solubility in water: slightly soluble (0.003%) Vapor Pressure (20 °C): 100 × 10−4 Pa	Causes problems with the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), and the liver. Eye, skin and mucous membrane irritants.
Dieldrin	Melting point: 176 to 177 °C Solubility in water: 0.186 mg/L at 25–29 °C Vapor Pressure (20 °C): 2.37 × 10–5 Pa	Causes problems with the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and the liver. Eye, skin and mucous membrane irritants.
Chlordane	Melting point: 102 to 106 °C Solubility in water: 1 × 10−3 mg/L (20 °C) Vapor Pressure (25 °C): 133.32 × 10−5 Pa	Chlordane interacts with the human erythrocyte membrane and change its morphology.