Blockade of Aβ-induced nuclear condensation (A), cellular ROS production (B) and cellular RAGE induction (C–E) by eucalyptol in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Hoechst 33258 staining was done for the measurement of nuclear condensation of RPE cells exposed to 5 µM Aβ (A). For the measurement of ROS production (B), DHE staining was conducted in eucalyptol-treated RPE cells. Nuclear staining was done with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Hoechst 33258- and DHE-stained RPE cells were visualized under fluorescent microscopy. Each microphotograph (mean ± SEM, n = 3) was obtained by using a microscope system. Scale bars: 50 μm. RPE cell lysates were subject to western blot analysis with a primary antibody against RAGE, and with β-actin as an internal control (C–E). Bar graphs (mean ± SEM, n = 3) in the panel represent densitometric results of blot bands. * Values in respective bar graphs indicate a significant difference at p < 0.05.