Table 3.
Parameters of additives in liquid lubricants.
| Lubricant | Friction Condition | Friction Properties (Compared with Pure Liquid) |
Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Additive (Content) | Liquid | Load | Sliding Speed | COF | Wear Rate mm3/(N·m) | |
| C@PMMA (0.2 wt %) | Engine oil | 30 N | 0.08 m/s | 0.112 (21.7% lower) | 1.57 × 10−5 (41.42% lower) | [80] |
| TiO2@ODG (1 wt %) | PAO/HEO | 100 N | 0.05 m/s | 0.12 (18.5% lower) /0.10 (7.4% lower) |
3.44 × 10−6 (17.0% higher) /8.3 × 10−7(2.1% lower) |
[81] |
| Cu-Ni@dodecanethiol (0.1 wt %) | LP | 196 N/392 N | 1450 rpm | 0.07 (61.1% lower) /0.07(39.1% lower) |
· | [82] |
| Fe3O4@C (0.25 wt %) | Sunflower oil | 5 N | 300 rpm | 0.077 (15.4% lower) | · | [83] |
| Cu@SiO2 (0.4 wt %) | H2O | 4 N | 0.02 m/s | 0.17 (56.4% lower) | · | [84] |
| CNC (0.05 wt %) | Mineral oil | 261 MPa | 1.65 m/s | 0.01 (25.9% lower) | · | [85] |
| ZnO@graphene (0.5~1.0 wt %) | Ester base oil | 392 N | 1200 rpm | 0.075 (25% lower) | · | [86] |
| Fe3O4@MoS2 (1 wt %) | PAO4 | 20 N | 0.05 m/s | 0.08 (56.5% lower) | · | [87] |
| Fe3O4@MoS2 (0.08 wt %) |
LP | · | · | 0.066 (30.3% lower) | · | [88] |
| PSPMA-g-HSNPs (0.5 wt %) |
H2O | 1.66 GPa | 0.05 m/s | 0.173 (49.9% lower) | 8.02 × 10−4 (52.7% lower) | [89] |
| IL-g-SiO2 (2 wt %) | H2O | 90 Mpa | 0.15 m/s | 0.10 (41.2% lower) | 2.7 × 10−6 (28.8% lower) | [90] |
| SiO2@PMMA (0.3 wt %) |
[BMIM][NTf2] | 2 N | 0.05 m/s | 0.01 (85.7% lower) | · | [91] |
PMMA: polymethyl methacrylate; ODG: 2-octyldodecyl gallate; LP: liquid paraffin; IL: poly (1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride); PSPMA-g-HSNPs: poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt) brushes-grafted hollow silica nanoparticles; CNC: carbon nanocapsules.