Table 1.
Characteristics of children and families.
| N = 1644 (%) | |
|---|---|
| Maternal age in years—mean (SD) | 36.49 (4.3) |
| Child age in months—mean (SD) | 61.52 (3.0) |
| Maternal education | |
| high school or less | 96 (5.8) |
| partial or complete university/college or trade | 1253 (76.2) |
| partial or complete graduate education | 295 (17.9) |
| Male sex | 857 (52.3) |
| Maternal depression @ 3 years | 191 (11.6) |
| Maternal anxiety @ 3 years | 235 (14.4) |
| Household income <$50,000 | 99 (6.1) |
| $50,000–99,999 | 470 (28.8) |
| $100,000–149,999 | 523 (32.1) |
| $150,000 and above | 539 (33.0) |
| Low positive parenting @ 3 years | 204 (12.4) |
| High hostile parenting @ 3 years | 252 (15.4) |
| Childcare 10+ h/wk @ 3 years | 584 (35.5) |
| More than 1 h screen time/day @ 3 years | 855 (52.0) |
Maternal anxiety measured as scoring over 40 on the SSAI. Maternal depression measured as scoring over 16 on the CES-D. Parenting measured as 1 SD above or below mean on NLSCY scales. SD: Standard Deviation; SSAI: Speilberger State Anxiety Scale; Hrs/wk: hours per week; CES-D: Center for Epidemiology Studies–Depression; NLSCY: National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth.