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FTIR spectra of raw (untreated), NaOH-treated and Al2(SO4)3-treated abaca fibers: (a) untreated abaca; (b) NaOH-treated abaca; (c) NaOH + Al2(SO4)3 treated abaca; and (d) precipitate or residue from the spent solution of Al2(SO4)3 treatment. The circles indicate the loss of functional groups of raw abaca fiber due to the sodium hydroxide and aluminum sulfate chemical pre-treatments. Open access under terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY), reference [15].
