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. 2020 Oct 16;9(10):1002. doi: 10.3390/antiox9101002

Table 2.

Antioxidant activity reported for Cotoneaster species.

Species Plant Part/Extract or Fraction Antioxidant Assay Antioxidant Effect Ref.
C. horizontalis leafy twigs/ethanolic extract DPPH EC50 = 19.3 µg/mL [35]
C. melanocarpus young and old twigs, leaves/
aqueous, methanolic, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and hexane extracts		 DPPH aqueous extracts: EC50 = 53.5–86.7 µg/mL
methanolic extracts: EC50 = 30.9–106.4 µg/mL
ethyl acetate extracts: EC50 = 74.9–>200 µg/mL
dichloromethane extracts: EC50 = 134.6–>200 µg/mL
hexane extracts: EC50 = no activity		 [5]
leaves/methanol-water (7:3, v/v) extract DPPH, O2•−, H2O2, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 32.75 µg/mL PM; O2•−: EC50 = 31.59 µg/mL PM
H2O2: EC50 = 56.80 µg/mL PM; FRAP = 0.95 mmol Fe2+/g PM		 [19]
C. nummularia leafy twigs/aqueous, methanolic, ethyl acetate extracts DPPH, ABTS, O2•−, FRAP, CUPRAC, phosphomolibdenum assay,
β-carotene/linoleic acid assay,
metal chelating assay		 DPPH: EC50 = 0.097–0.252 mg/mL; ABTS: EC50 = 0.020–0.043 mg/mL; O2•−:
EC50 = 1.066–1.603 mg/mL; FRAP = 0.143–0.654 mg/mL; CUPRAC: EC50 = 0.022–0.263 mg/mL
phosphomolibdenum assay: EC50 = 56.1–177.3 mg AE/g
β-carotene/linoleic acid assay: 85.5–93.0% (2 mg/mL; the extract concn.)
metal chelating assay: EC50 = 0.3–18.7 mg EDTAE/g		 [7]
leaves/ethanolic extract DMPD,
metal chelating assay		 DMPD: 20.9% (2 mg/mL; the extract concn.)
metal chelating assay: 26.2% (2 mg/mL; the extract concn.)		 [23]
C. meyeri leaves/ethanolic extract DMPD,
metal chelating assay		 DMPD: 8.2% (2 mg/mL; the extract concn.)
metal chelating assay: 5.9% (2 mg/mL; the extract concn.)		 [23]
C. morulus leaves/ethanolic extract DMPD,
metal chelating assay		 DMPD: 11.2% (2 mg/mL; the extract concn.)
metal chelating assay: 21.5% (2 mg/mL; the extract concn.)		 [23]
C. integerrimus twigs/aqueous, methanolic extracts DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC,
phosphomolibdenum assay,
metal chelating assay		 DPPH: EC50 = 1.06–1.09 mg/mL; FRAP = 257.4–265.4µg/mL;
CUPRAC: EC50 = 336.5–349.0 µg/mL
phosphomolibdenum assay: EC50 = 0.36–0.53 mg/mL
metal chelating assay: EC50 = 1.47–6.24 mg/mL		 [24]
fruits/aqueous, methanolic extracts DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC,
phosphomolibdenum assay,
metal chelating assay		 DPPH: EC50 = 1.85–2.44 mg/mL; FRAP = 376.4–498.8µg/mL;
CUPRAC: EC50 = 596.2–657.4 µg/mL
phosphomolibdenum assay: EC50 = 1.24–1.38 mg/mL
metal chelating assay: EC50 = 2.14–6.14 mg/mL		 [24]
leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, O2•−, H2O2, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 24.58 µg/mL PM; O2•−: EC50 = 29.49 µg/mL PM; H2O2: EC50 = 55.42 µg/mL PM; FRAP= 2.04 mmol Fe2+/g PM [19]
C. integerrimus leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, FRAP, TBARS DPPH: EC50 = 23.80 µg/mL PM; FRAP: 2.77 mmol Fe2+/g PM; TBARS: IC50 = 23.19 µg/mL PM [22]
leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract and diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions prepared by fractionated extraction DPPH, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 5.19–27.88 µg/mL; FRAP: 3.82–15.84 mmol Fe2+/g [20]
flowers/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, FRAP, TBARS DPPH: EC50 = 20.65µg/mL PM; FRAP: 2.82 mmol Fe2+/g PM; TBARS: IC50 = 28.89 µg/mL PM [22]
bark/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, FRAP, TBARS DPPH: EC50 = 20.76 µg/mL PM; FRAP: 2.75 mmol Fe2+/g PM; TBARS: IC50 = 26.01 µg/mL PM [22]
fruits/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, FRAP, TBARS DPPH: EC50 = 54.17 µg/mL PM; FRAP: 1.10 mmol Fe2+/g PM; TBARS: IC50 = 47.32 µg/mL PM [22]
C. tomentosus leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, O2•−, H2O2, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 34.50 µg/mL PM; O2•−: EC50 = 74.79 µg/mL PM; H2O2: EC50 = 91.30 µg/mL PM; FRAP= 0.90 mmol Fe2+/g PM [19]
C. lucidus leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, O2•−, H2O2, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 25.35 µg/mL PM; O2•−: EC50 = 27.70 µg/mL PM; H2O2: EC50 = 38.46 µg/mL PM; FRAP= 2.18 mmol Fe2+/g PM [19]
fruits/methanol-water (7: 3) extract DPPH, FRAP, TBARS DPPH: EC50 = 123.41µg/mL PM; FRAP: 0.70 mmol Fe2+/g PM; TBARS: IC50 = 108.70 µg/mL PM [21]
C. divaricatus leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, O2•−, H2O2, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 18.45 µg/mL PM; O2•−: EC50 = 37.57 µg/mL PM; H2O2: EC50 = 36.06 µg/mL PM; FRAP= 2.39 mmol Fe2+/g PM [19]
fruits/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, FRAP, TBARS DPPH: EC50 = 91.47 µg/mL PM; FRAP: 0.76 mmol Fe2+/g PM; TBARS: IC50 = 83.16 µg/mL PM [21]
C. horizontalis leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, O2•−, H2O2, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 23.02 µg/mL PM; O2•−: EC50 = 49.48 µg/mL PM; H2O2: EC50 = 71.14 µg/mL PM; FRAP= 2.08 mmol Fe2+/g PM [19]
fruits/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, FRAP, TBARS DPPH: EC50 = 93.32 µg/mL PM; FRAP: 0.85 mmol Fe2+/g PM; TBARS: IC50 = 84.89 µg/mL PM [21]
C. nanshan leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, O2•−, H2O2, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 24.68 µg/mL PM; O2•−: EC50 = 55.74 µg/mL PM; H2O2: EC50 = 54.17 µg/mL PM; FRAP= 1.70 mmol Fe2+/g PM [19]
fruits/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, FRAP, TBARS DPPH: EC50 = 178.35 µg/mL PM; FRAP: 0.61 mmol Fe2+/g PM; TBARS: IC50 = 165.76 µg/mL PM [21]
C. hjelmqvistii leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, O2•−, H2O2, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 21.04 µg/mL PM; O2•−: EC50 = 28.10 µg/mL PM; H2O2: EC50 = 35.57 µg/mL PM; FRAP= 2.59 mmol Fe2+/g PM [19]
fruits/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, FRAP, TBARS DPPH: EC50 = 64.51 µg/mL PM; FRAP: 1.05 mmol Fe2+/g PM; TBARS: IC50 = 62.96 µg/mL PM [21]
C. dielsianus leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, O2•−, H2O2, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 29.49 µg/mL PM; O2•−: EC50 = 54.50µg/mL PM; H2O2: EC50 = 62.97 µg/mL PM; FRAP= 1.71 mmol Fe2+/g PM [19]
fruits/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, FRAP, TBARS DPPH: EC50 = 117.10 µg/mL PM; FRAP: 0.67 mmol Fe2+/g PM; TBARS: IC50 = 103.72 µg/mL PM [21]
C. splendens leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, O2•−, H2O2, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 22.56 µg/mL PM; O2•−: EC50 = 44.07 µg/mL PM; H2O2: EC50 = 43.24 µg/mL PM; FRAP= 2.44 mmol Fe2+/g PM [19]
fruits/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, FRAP, TBARS DPPH: EC50 = 67.15 µg/mL PM; FRAP: 0.98 mmol Fe2+/g PM; TBARS: IC50 = 66.21 µg/mL PM [21]
C. bullatus leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, O2•−, H2O2, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 20.91 µg/mL PM; O2•−: EC50 = 37.80 µg/mL PM; H2O2: EC50 = 28.95 µg/mL PM; FRAP= 3.76 mmol Fe2+/g PM [19]
leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract and diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions prepared by fractionated extraction DPPH, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 3.19–22.41 µg/mL; FRAP: 3.99–16.99 mmol Fe2+/g [20]
fruits/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, FRAP, TBARS DPPH: EC50 = 66.31 µg/mL PM; FRAP: 0.97 mmol Fe2+/g PM; TBARS: IC50 = 64.99 µg/mL PM [21]
C. zabelii leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, O2•−, H2O2, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 21.52 µg/mL PM; O2•−: EC50 = 52.76 µg/mL PM; H2O2: EC50 = 43.28 µg/mL PM; FRAP= 2.98 mmol Fe2+/g PM [19]
leaves/methanol-water (7:3) extract and diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions prepared by fractionated extraction DPPH, FRAP DPPH: EC50 = 3.95–18.73 µg/mL; FRAP: 3.89–16.74 mmol Fe2+/g [20]
fruits/methanol-water (7:3) extract DPPH, FRAP, TBARS DPPH: EC50 = 62.93 µg/mL PM; FRAP: 1.09 mmol Fe2+/g PM; TBARS: IC50 = 62.54µg/mL PM [21]
C. mongolica leaves/methanolic extract and chloroform, n-butanol and water fractions prepared by fractionated extraction DPPH EC50 = 55.7–>200 µg/mL [18]
fruits/ methanolic extract and n-butanol fraction prepared by fractionated extraction DPPH EC50 = 108.5–>200 µg/mL [18]
C. pannosus fruits/ethanol:water (7:3), ethanol hexane (55:45) extracts DPPH EC50 = 47.3–54.9 µg/mL [25]
C. afghanicus leafy twigs/hexane, ethanolic extracts DPPH EC50 = 57.4–64.7 µg/mL [49]

The results were calculated based on the dry weight of the extracts/fractions or the plant material (PM); EC50, IC50—The half-maximal effective or inhibitory concentration, respectively; DPPH—2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay; O2•−—Superoxide anion radical assay; H2O2—Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay; FRAP—Ferric reducing antioxidant assay; CUPRAC—Cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity; DMPD—N,N-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine assay; TBARS—Linoleic acid peroxidation assay with quantification of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances.