Table 3.
Adjusted Geometric Mean of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (μg/L) Stratified by Participants Characteristics in Men
| Factors | Adjusted Geometric Mean (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-hydroxypyrene (μg/L) | 2-naphthol (μg/L) | 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (μg/L) | 2-hydroxyfluorene (μg/L) | |
| Total | 0.19 (0.17–0.21) | 3.66 (3.26–4.12) | 0.11 (0.10–0.12) | 0.43 (0.39–0.47) |
| Age group | ||||
| 19–29 yra | 0.15 (0.13–0.17) | 2.99 (2.45–3.65) | 0.09 (0.08–0.10) | 0.37 (0.32–0.43) |
| 30–39 yr | 0.15 (0.14–0.17) | 3.21 (2.73–3.77) | 0.10 (0.09–0.11)* | 0.37 (0.33–0.43) |
| 40–49 yr | 0.20 (0.18–0.23)*** | 3.78 (3.26–4.39)** | 0.11 (0.10–0.13)*** | 0.46 (0.40–0.53)** |
| 50–59 yr | 0.21 (0.19–0.24)*** | 3.84 (3.33–4.42)** | 0.12 (0.11–0.14)*** | 0.50 (0.44–0.56)*** |
| 60–69 yr | 0.22 (0.20–0.25)*** | 3.81 (3.24–4.48)* | 0.12 (0.10–0.13)*** | 0.45 (0.39–0.51)** |
| ≥70 yr | 0.21 (0.19–0.24)*** | 4.55 (3.76–5.51)** | 0.11 (0.10–0.13)*** | 0.42 (0.37–0.48)* |
| BMI group | ||||
| Underweight | 0.21 (0.16–0.27) | 4.20 (3.17–5.55) | 0.10 (0.08–0.12) | 0.45 (0.35–0.57) |
| Normala | 0.18 (0.16–0.19) | 3.49 (3.07–3.97) | 0.11 (0.10–0.12) | 0.39 (0.35–0.43) |
| Overweight | 0.19 (0.17–0.21) | 3.48 (3.05–3.97) | 0.11 (0.10–0.12) | 0.43 (0.39–0.47) |
| Obese | 0.19 (0.17–0.20) | 3.52 (3.16–3.93) | 0.11 (0.11–0.12) | 0.44 (0.40–0.48)* |
| Household income (USD/month) | ||||
| < 920 USD | 0.19 (0.16–0.21) | 3.85 (3.25–4.55) | 0.10 (0.09–0.12) | 0.43 (0.38–0.48) |
| 920–2090 USD | 0.20 (0.17–0.22) | 3.67 (3.17–4.24) | 0.11 (0.09–0.12) | 0.42 (0.37–0.48) |
| 2090–3400 USD | 0.19 (0.17–0.21) | 3.70 (3.22–4.25) | 0.11 (0.10–0.12) | 0.43 (0.38–0.48) |
| ≥3400 USDa | 0.19 (0.17–0.22) | 3.44 (3.01–3.93) | 0.11 (0.10–0.12) | 0.43 (0.38–0.48) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Nevera | 0.18 (0.16–0.21) | 3.67 (3.17–4.25) | 0.11 (0.10–0.12) | 0.43 (0.38–0.48) |
| Former | 0.19 (0.16–0.22) | 3.68 (3.03–4.47) | 0.11 (0.09–0.12) | 0.43 (0.36–0.50) |
| Current | 0.20 (0.18–0.22) | 3.64 (3.23–4.09) | 0.11 (0.10–0.12) | 0.43 (0.39–0.47) |
| Regular physical activity | ||||
| Noa | 0.19 (0.17–0.21) | 2.38 (2.20–2.59) | 0.10 (0.09–0.11) | 0.42 (0.38–0.46) |
| Yes | 0.19 (0.17–0.22) | 2.51 (2.30–2.74) | 0.11 (0.10–0.12)* | 0.43 (0.39–0.48) |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| Noa | 0.18 (0.16–0.20) | 3.26 (2.96–3.60) | 0.10 (0.10–0.11) | 0.40 (0.37–0.43) |
| Yes | 0.20 (0.18–0.23) | 4.11 (3.40–4.97)* | 0.11 (0.10–0.13) | 0.45 (0.39–0.52)* |
Notes: BMI <18.5 for underweight, 18.5–22.9 for normal weight, 23–24.9 for overweight, ≥25 for obese. aReference for comparison of geometric mean in each variable. Adjusted for log-transformed urine creatinine, log-transformed urine cotinine, and all variables in the table. ***P< 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; USD, US dollars.