Table 3.

Anti-tuberculosis-DR patterns in newly diagnosed and previously diagnosed tuberculosis patients.

Drug-Resistance Patterns		Antibiotics	Number of Analyzed Studies	Total Number of Tuberculosis Patients	Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistance [95% CIs] (%)	Heterogeneity
						I 2	p-Value
Newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients
Any-DR	First line drugs	Streptomycin	4	2909	21.4 [12.9–29.9]	96.0%	<0.0001
		Isoniazid	4	2909	10.8 [6.2–15.4]	92.0%	<0.0001
		Rifampicin	4	2909	2.8 [0.6–5.1]	88.0%	<0.0001
		Ethambutol	4	2909	3.7 [1.0–6.5]	93.0%	<0.0001
		Pyrazinamide	1	751	2.8 [1.6–4.0]	-	NA
	Second line drugs	Gatifloxacin	2	779	0.0 [0.0–0.2]	0.0%	0.50
		Kanamycin	1	50	0.0 [0.0–2.7]	-	NA
		Levofloxacin	1	729	3.3 [2.0–4.6]	-	NA
		Moxifloxacin	1	732	0.4 [0.0–0.9]	-	NA
		Ofloxacin	2	786	5.7 [1.2–10.1]	39.0%	0.20
Mono-DR	First line drugs	Streptomycin	6	3505	9.3 [5.4–13.1]	91.0%	<0.0001
		Isoniazid	6	3505	2.9 [1.4–4.5]	83.0%	<0.0001
		Rifampicin	6	3505	0.3 [0.1–0.5]	8.0%	0.32
		Ethambutol	6	3505	0.3 [0.0–0.6]	58.0%	0.06
Previously treated tuberculosis patients
Any-DR	First line drugs	Streptomycin	4	621	42.5 [13.8–71.3]	98.0%	<0.0001
		Isoniazid	5	727	49.9 [20.5–79.3]	99.0%	<0.0001
		Rifampicin	5	727	40.9 [10.8–71.0]	99.0%	<0.0001
		Ethambutol	4	621	27.6 [0.0–61.0]	99.0%	<0.0001
		Pyrazinamide	1	192	14.6 [9.6–19.6]	-	NA
	Second line drugs	Kanamycin	6	1251	0.5 [0.1–1.0]	5.0%	0.47
		Amikacin	1	74	1.4 [0.0–4.0]	-	NA
		Gatifloxacin	2	242	0.0 [0.0–0.7]	0.0%	0.61
		Ofloxacin	3	352	9.4 [6.3–12.4]	0.0%	0.98
		Moxifloxacin	2	266	6.2 [0.0–16.5]	86.0%	0.006
		Ethionamide	1	74	35.1 [24.3–46.0]	-	NA
		Prothionamide	2	904	15.7 [12.4–19.0]	48.0%	0.17
		Cycloserine	1	74	44.6 [33.3–55.9]	-	NA
		Para-aminosalicylic acid	1	74	12.2 [4.7–19.6]	-	NA
		Levofloxacin	1	192	5.2 [2.1–8.4]	-	NA
Mono-DR	First line drugs	Streptomycin	6	862	6.5 [3.9–9.1]	52.0%	0.06
		Isoniazid	7	971	3.5 [1.1–5.9]	84.0%	<0.0001
		Rifampicin	7	971	0.7 [0.1–1.2]	0.0%	0.77
		Ethambutol	6	862	0.7 [0.0–1.5]	36.0%	0.23
	Second line drugs	Ofloxacin	1	109	0.0 [0.0–1.3]	-	NA