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Live sperm percentage and morphological defects of frozen–thawed sperm in control and 10% of canine amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells CM treatment groups.
| Concentration of CM (%) | Live Sperm Cells (%) | Coiled Tail (%) | Bent Tail (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 43.9 ± 4.3 a | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 3.1 ± 0.7 a |
| 10 | 55.2 ± 3.0 b | 3.0 ± 1.8 | 1.8 ± 0.6 b |
Values are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Values within columns marked with the letters “a” or “b” are significantly different (p < 0.05, n = 4).
