Table 7.
Total carbohydrates, starch, total sugar, and fiber intake by monthly income levels from the Spanish Pediatric Population (EsNuPI) study in the Spanish Reference Cohort (SRS) and the Adapted Milk Consumers Cohort (AMS).
| n | Carbohydrates (g/Day) | Starch (g/Day) | Total Sugar (g/Day) | Fiber (g/Day) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | SRS | AMS | SRS | AMS | SRS | AMS | SRS | AMS | SRS | AMS | |
| Income Level (€/month) |
Low (<1500 €) |
171 | 163 | 150.9 a (123.3–189.9) |
157.7 (128.9–187.7) |
77.2 a (50.0–106.6) |
74.5 a (54.1–98.2) |
76.9 (61.5–91.3) |
76.0 (57.9–92.6) |
10.7 a (7.4–14.3) |
9.6 a (7.7–13.2) |
| Medium (1501 to 2000 €) |
126 | 134 | 173.5 b (148.8–215.5) |
153.9 *** (122.5–178.9) |
89.7 b (66.6–117.5) |
59.7 ***,b (42.0–84.6) |
84.3 (62.8–108.1) |
74.6 (61.3–94.5) |
11.2 a,b (8.5–14.2) |
9.7 **,a (7.4–12.6) |
|
| High (>2000 €) |
226 | 238 | 177.8 b (136.8–217.9) |
162.8 * (129.1–201.4) |
93.4 b (65.0–130.3) |
75.1 ***,a (44.3–103.1) |
78.5 (60.0–94.6) |
79.3 (61.5–93.6) |
11.8 b (8.8–15.2) |
11.4 b (8.5–14.1) |
|
| No answer/ doesn’t know |
184 | 206 | 158.8 a (132.2–188.8) |
159.6 (127.9–191.1) |
81.1 a (56.1–104.2) |
73.2 *,a,b (42.7–96.1) |
75.4 (62.1–92.8) |
77.7 (63.6–96.5) |
11.5 a,b (7.8–14.4) |
11.2 b (8.6–14.5) |
|
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) per group. * p < 0.05 difference vs reference cohort (Mann-Whitney’s U test), ** p < 0.01 difference vs reference cohort (Mann-Whitney’s U test), *** p < 0.001 difference vs reference cohort (Mann-Whitney’s U test). Values that do not share superscript are significantly different between age-groups for each gender and in each cohort type (p ≤ 0.05 Kruskal–Wallis test and the Dunn test to adjust for multiple comparison and adjust the p-value with Bonferroni correction).