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. 2020 Oct 18;9(10):3343. doi: 10.3390/jcm9103343

Table 2.

Independent variables for insufficient or excessive gestational weight gain according to IOM 2009 (multinomial multivariate logistic regression analysis).

Insufficient Weight Gain Excessive Weight Gain
OR p 95% CI Overall p OR p 95% CI
Non-Caucasian ethnicity (yes) 1.182 0.500 0.727–1.922 <0.001 3.283 <0.001 1.984–5.433
Height (cm) 0.979 0.008 0.963–0.994 0.001 1.020 0.062 0.999–1.041
Prepregnancy BMI category

  • Underweight

  • Normal weight (reference category)

  • Overweight

  • Obesity


0.659
1
0.301
0.603
0.137
 
<0.001
0.005
0.381–1.142
 
0.235–0.387
0.425–0.857 		<0.001
0.487
1
3.190
5.060
0.191
 
< 0.001
< 0.001
0.165–1.433
 
2.403–4.234
3.472–7.375
Unfavorable obstetric history (yes) 0.520 <0.001 0.387–0.700 <0.001 0.865 0.399 0.618–1.211
Smoking habit

  • Non-smoker (reference category)

  • Quitter during pregnancy (yes)

  • Active smoker during pregnancy (yes)
1
0.668
0.727
0.011
0.007
0.490–0.910
0.576–0.918 		<0.001
1
1.614
1.382
 
0.010
0.030
 
1.121–2.325
1.031–1.852
Gestational age at delivery (weeks) 0.855 <0.001 0.806–0.907 <0.001 1.026 0.527 0.947–1.113
Length of follow-up (weeks) 1.035 <0.001 1.018–1.052 <0.001 0.980 0.066 0.958–1.001

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; p value < 0.05 are considered significant; ORs significantly different from the reference category are marked in bold.