Table 4.

The effects of lead and/or Azolla pinnata ethanolic extract (APE) on serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 β) and IL-10 in rats.

Parameters	Control	Lead	APE	Lead and APE	APE Then Lead	Lead Then APE
TNF-α (pg/mL)	85.80 ± 2.10 c	117.75 ± 2.78 a	86.60 ± 2.56 c	97.50 ± 2.96 b	95.0 ± 2.59 b	104.20 ± 2.54 b
IL-1β (pg/mL)	177.20 ± 3.34 b	284.60 ± 3.30 a	169.20 ± 1.93 b	194.75 ± 3.07 b	193.60 ± 5.27 b	199.40 ± 4.23 b
IL-10 (pg/mL)	5.82 ± 0.32 b	1.73 ± 0.23 d	8.92 ± 0.46 a	5.70 ± 0.38 b	3.73 ± 0.71 c	3.725 ± 0.55 c

The values are expressed as the means ± SE. Values carrying different letters in the same row are significantly different. Azolla pinnata ethanolic extract, APE; tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α; interleukin 1 beta, IL-1β; interleukin 10, IL-10.