Table 4.
Mean nutrient and non-nutritive mineral content per kilogram of pink salt compared to an iodized white salt control.
| Minerals | Control 1 (n = 1) |
Pink Salt (n = 31) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Range | p-Value 2 | Mean Content in 5 g | Dietary Targets 4 | Upper Limit | ||
| Nutrients | ||||||||
| Calcium (mg) | 393.28 | 2695.09 | 1125.52 | 530.62–5736.73 | <0.001 | 13.48 | 1000–1300 | 2500 |
| Chromium (µg) | 0.00 | 17.48 | 19.16 | 0.00–82.09 | <0.001 | 0.87 | 25–35 | - |
| Copper (mg) | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.01–0.41 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 1.2–1.7 | 10 |
| Iron (mg) | 0.00 | 63.75 | 46.89 | 0.00–167.52 | <0.001 | 0.32 | 8–18 | 45 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 83.94 | 2655.31 | 1956.85 | 146.78–11,937.98 | <0.001 | 13.28 | 310–420 | 350 |
| Manganese (mg) | 0.00 | 2.16 | 1.49 | 0.33–8.61 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 5–5.5 | - |
| Molybdenum (µg) | 0.04 | 1.7 | 3.7 | 0.00–15.35 | <0.01 | 0.09 | 45 | 2000 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 0.00 | 1.30 | 5.35 | 0.00–28.90 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 1000 | 4000 |
| Potassium (mg) | 151.68 | 2406.05 | 1216.52 | 98.39–4528.89 | <0.001 | 12.03 | 2800 | - |
| Selenium (µg) | 0.00 | 2.8 | 6.2 | 0.00–18.52 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 60–70 | 400 |
| Sodium (mg) | 427,636.27 | 394,717.96 | 21,272.20 | 343,384.79–459,115.58 | <0.001 | 1973.59 | 460–920 (2000 6) | - |
| Zinc (mg) | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.21 | 0.00–0.86 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 8–14 | 40 |
| Non-nutritive | ||||||||
| Aluminum (mg) | 0.00 | 76.27 | 53.90 | 0.00–192.65 | <0.001 | 0.38 | - | 30 7 |
| Arsenic (mg) 5 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | - | 0.00 | - | 0.5 8 |
| Barium (mg) | 0.01 | 0.77 | 0.44 | 0.00–1.65 | <0.001 | 0.00 | - | 75 9 |
| Boron (mg) | 0.00 | 0.36 | 0.71 | 0.00–3.04 | <0.01 | 0.00 | - | 20 10 |
| Cadmium (mg) 5 | 0.02 | 0.00 3 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | <0.001 | 0.00 | - | 0.5 8 |
| Cobalt (mg) | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.00–0.11 | <0.001 | 0.00 | - | - |
| Lead (mg) 5 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.46 | 0.00–2.59 | 0.18 | 0.00 | - | 0.2 8 |
| Mercury (mg) 5 | 0.02 | 0.00 3 | 0.01 | 0.00–0.02 | <0.001 | 0.00 | - | 0.01 8 |
| Nickel (mg) | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.00–0.48 | <0.001 | 0.00 | - | 1 10 |
| Silver (mg) | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | - | 0.00 | - | - |
| Silicon (mg) | 0.00 | 131.00 | 97.22 | 0.00–372.10 | <0.001 | 0.66 | - | - |
| sulfur (mg) | 431.22 | 7344.70 | 5413.06 | 1703.97–33,754.34 | <0.001 | 36.72 | - | - |
| Vanadium (mg) | 0.00 | 0.00 3 | 0.02 | 0.00–0.12 | 0.33 | 0.00 | - | 1.8 10 |
1 Iodized, fine white table salt. 2 p-values derived from 1 sample t-test. 3 Due to rounding, some values are non-zero. 4 Dietary targets are the Australian recommended dietary intake (RDI), except when the RDI is not able to be set and the adequate intake (AI) was used, unless otherwise stated. National Health and Medical Research Council. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand. Canberra, Commonwealth of Australia; 2017. 5 Defined as a “metal contaminant Food Standards Australia and New Zealand. Schedule 19: Maximum levels of contaminants and natural toxicants. Canberra, Commonwealth of Australia; 2017. 6 Suggested Dietary Target; National Health and Medical Research Council. Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand. Canberra, Commonwealth of Australia; 2017. 7 Value expressed as mg/kg body weight; FAO/WHO. Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants: seventy-fourth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Technical Report Series 966, 2011. 8 Food Standards Australia and New Zealand. Schedule 19: Maximum levels of contaminants and natural toxicants. Canberra, Commonwealth of Australia; 2017. 9 Value expressed as mg/kg body weight; Boorman J, Cunningham J, Mackerras D. Salt Intake from Processed Food and Discretionary Use in Australia. Poster presentation. Canberra: Food Standards Australia New Zealand; 2008. 10 Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. The National Academies Press, 2001.