Table 1.
Clinical characteristics for men and women age 16 years or above in the derivation and validation cohorts.
| Training cohort (n = 3,020,832) | Validation cohort (n = 1,006,943) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Total sample size | 1,464,128 (48.5) | 1,556,704 (51.5) | 487,071 (48.4) | 519,872 (51.6) |
| No (%) diagnosed with FH | 2527 (0.2) | 3452 (0.2) | 817 (0.2) | 1132 (0.2) |
| Highest total cholesterol (TC) ever, mean (SD) | 5.6 (1.3) | 5.8 (1.4) | 5.6 (1.3) | 5.8 (1.4) |
| Age at TC measurement, mean (SD) | 55.3 (15.8) | 57.0 (17.3) | 55.3 (15.8) | 57.0 (17.3) |
| Triglyceride at time of highest TC, mean (SD) | 1.9 (1.6) | 1.5 (1.0) | 1.9 (1.6) | 1.5 (1.1) |
| Diastolic blood pressure at highest TC, mean (SD) | 81 (11) | 79 (11) | 81 (11) | 79 (11) |
| Systolic blood pressure at highest TC, mean (SD) | 137 (19) | 134 (20) | 137 (19) | 134 (20) |
| Highest LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) ever, mean (SD) | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.5 (1.1) | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.5 (1.1) |
| Age at LDL-C measurement, mean (SD) | 56.1 (16.6) | 57.2 (18.1) | 56.2 (16.6) | 57.2 (18.1) |
| Triglyceride at time of highest LDL-C, mean (SD) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.4 (0.9) |
| Diastolic blood pressure at highest LDL-C, mean (SD) | 81 (11) | 78 (11) | 81 (11) | 78 (11) |
| Systolic blood pressure at highest LDL-C, mean (SD) | 136 (18) | 133 (20) | 136 (18) | 132 (20) |
| Tendon xanthomata | 35 (<0.01) | 56 (<0.01) | 15 (<0.01) | 19 (<0.01) |
| Family history of FH | 5522 (0.4) | 8852 (0.6) | 1847 (0.4) | 2935 (0.6) |
| Family history of CHD | 53,105 (3.6) | 69,806 (4.5) | 17,675 (3.6) | 23,219 (4.5) |
| Family history of raised cholesterol | 7602 (0.5) | 10,485 (0.7) | 2513 (0.5) | 3570 (0.7) |
| Family history of MI | 43,620 (3.0) | 47,839 (3.1) | 14,742 (3.0) | 16,158 (3.1) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 28.0 (4.7) | 27.8 (5.9) | 28.0 (4.7) | 27.8 (5.9) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Non-smoker | 705,878 (48.2) | 956,996 (61.5) | 234,004 (48.0) | 319,413 (61.4) |
| Ex-smoker | 491,858 (33.6) | 376,326 (24.2) | 163,994 (33.7) | 125,919 (24.2) |
| Current smoker | 266,392 (18.2) | 223,382 (14.4) | 89,073 (18.3) | 74,540 (14.3) |
| Alcohol status | ||||
| Non-drinker | 418,657 (28.6) | 603,787 (38.8) | 139,229 (28.6) | 201,069 (38.7) |
| Ex-drinker | 55,943 (3.8) | 46,680 (3.0) | 18,392 (3.8) | 15,578 (3.0) |
| Drinks alcohol | 989,528 (67.6) | 906,237 (58.2) | 329,450 (67.6) | 303,225 (58.3) |
| Hypertension | 355,388 (24.3) | 378,706 (24.3) | 118,645 (24.4) | 126,557 (24.3) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 145,606 (9.9) | 193,754 (12.5) | 48,508 (9.9) | 64,300 (12.4) |
| Hypothyroidism | 42,382 (2.9) | 155,282 (9.9) | 13,859 (2.9) | 51,770 (9.9) |
| Diabetes | 218,271 (14.9) | 179,788 (11.6) | 72,671 (14.9) | 59,968 (11.5) |
| Chronic liver disease | 36,603 (2.5) | 31,508 (2.0) | 12,087 (2.5) | 10,426 (2.0) |
| Nephrotic syndrome | 1807 (0.1) | 1396 (0.1) | 562 (0.1) | 482 (0.1) |
| History of CHD | 179,494 (12.3) | 114,314 (7.3) | 59,814 (12.3) | 38,228 (7.4) |
| History of CVA | 44,819 (3.1) | 44,171 (2.8) | 14,907 (3.1) | 14,764 (2.8) |
| History of PVD | 24,130 (1.7) | 15,998 (1.0) | 7887 (1.6) | 5253 (1.0) |
| Lipid-lowering medication | ||||
| No statin prescription | 869,788 (59.4) | 1,047,007 (67.3) | 288,997 (59.3) | 349,298 (67.2) |
| Low potency statin | 31,422 (2.2) | 29,592 (1.9) | 10,543 (2.2) | 10,014 (1.9) |
| Medium potency statin | 332,747 (22.7) | 292,403 (18.8) | 111,313 (22.9) | 97,552 (18.8) |
| High potency statin | 225,434 (15.4) | 180,912 (11.6) | 74,602 (15.3) | 60,669 (11.7) |
| Other lipid-lowering drugs | 4737 (0.3) | 6790 (0.4) | 1616 (0.3) | 2339 (0.5) |
Family history of CHD excludes myocardial infarction. Statins were grouped into three different intensity categories according to the percentage reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol28, based on UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Clinical Guideline (CG 181).
CHD coronary heart disease, CVA cerebrovascular accident, FH familial hypercholesterolaemia, PVD peripheral vascular disease, SD standard deviation.