Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Intervention n = 30 | Control N = 30 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 87.3 (6.0) | 86.8 (4.7) | 0.490 |
| Women (%) | 15 (50.0) | 11 (36.7) | 0.297 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.6 (2.1) | 21.0 (2.7) | 0.367 |
| Education level (%) | |||
| ≤ 6 years | 9 (30.0) | 9 (30.0) | 0.301 |
| 7–12 years | 14 (46.7) | 9 (30.0) | |
| ≥ 13 years | 7 (23.3) | 12 (40.0) | |
| Comorbidities (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 4 (13.3) | 8 (26.7) | 0.197 |
| Hypertension | 18 (60.0) | 15 (50.0) | 0.436 |
| Stroke | 7 (23.3) | 5 (16.7) | 0.519 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8 (26.7) | 6 (20.0) | 0.542 |
| Coronary heart disease | 4 (13.3) | 10 (33.3) | 0.067 |
| Patients with at least a fall in the past year (%) | 9 (30.0) | 10 (33.3) | 0.781 |
| Nutrition status (%) | |||
| Malnutrition | 13 (43.3) | 17 (56.7) | 0.579 |
| Malnutrition risk | 14 (46.7) | 11 (36.7) | |
| Barthel index score | 72.3 (17.3) | 64.5 (15.4) | 0.069 |
| ASMI | 5.9 (1.4) | 6.2 (1.1) | 0.179 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 0.43 (0.15) | 0.35 (0.17) | 0.063 |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 16.3 (4.8) | 14.9 (6.1) | 0.328 |
| SPPB score | 4.3 (1.4) | 3.8 (1.8) | 0.215 |
| Berg balance score | 20.8 (15.1) | 17.7 (10.2) | 0.345 |
| TUG score | 23.4 (11.2) | 40.4 (42.4) | 0.042 |
ASMI appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, SPPB short physical performance test, TUG timed up to go test.
Patients in the intervention group received mixed exercise program (balance exercise plus resistance exercise); while patients in the control group received resistance exercise alone. Patients in both groups also received standard care. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) or n (percentage).